Rectal cancer survival in a Brazilian Cancer Reference Unit

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malign tumors in men and women all over the world. In spite of prevention advances in the last few years, worldwide incidence remains significant, about one million per year. Objectives: Evaluate rectal cancer survival in patients diagnosed and surgically treated at the Cancer Reference Unit at Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Methods: Observational retrospective study composed by 135 patients assisted from 2007 to 2014 at Doctor Luiz Antonio Hospital, Natal, Brazil. Data were collected from the patient records revision and survival rates were calculated and analyzed by non-parametric Kaplan-Meier and Wilcoxon tests, respectively. All patients were submitted to surgical treatment, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Results: Overall survival was 62% in seven years, while disease-free survival in one, three and five years was 91.7%, 75.5% and 72.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Overall survival and disease-free survival remained enhanced until the end of the study, suggesting that the treatment protocols used in the institution have shown to be effective

Recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma

INTRODUCTION: aggressive angiomyxoma is a highly aggressive, rare neoplasm of the mesenchymal tissue with a high recurrence rate. It represents an important differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age. This study aims to describe a case of aggressive angiomyxoma. CASE REPORT: woman, 37 years old, complained about a bulge on the right perianal region, and anal itching and burning, bleeding, tenesmus and incontinence. The proctologic examination confirmed the perianal bulge and extrinsic compression of the posterior wall of the rectum. Computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis showed a well-defined pelvic mass extending to the right rectal area. Exploratory laparotomy showed a mass of fibro elastic consistency adjacent to the pelvic organs and closely attached to the distal rectum, and performed a resection of the pelvic tumor afterward. Anatomopathological analysis revealed an aggressive angiomyxoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis showed signs of recurrence in the pelvic cavity on the right side of the rectum. A surgical procedure was performed to resect the lesion. After an asymptomatic period, the MRI showed solid growths located in the right ischiorectal fossa. A new surgical procedure identified only retention cysts in the pelvis and right ischiorectal fossa, only lysis of adhesions was performed. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up without disease recurrence

Enterovesical fistula caused by ileal primary adenocarcinoma

Introduction: Small bowel neoplasms are rare entities, with only 3.2% of gastrointestinal tumors localized in this segment. Adenocarcinoma is the second most common histologic type among small bowel neoplasms. The disease's symptoms are non-specific, with abdominal pain being the most common. Among the complications, fistulas are a far rare condition. Case report: We present the case of an 86-year-old woman, hypertensive, diabetic, and former smoker, with lower abdominal pain, hematuria, fecaluria and fever associated with weight loss. Upon physical examination presented pale mucous membranes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed parietal thickening in the distal ileum segment with an anterior wall bladder fistula. Absence of metastases.Subjected to transurethral endoscopic biopsy of the bladder lesion, which anatomopathological study was compatible with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. An enterectomy was performed with primary enteroanastomosis, associated with partial cystectomy by videolaparoscopy. Anatomopathological study of the surgical specimens concluded mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells located in the small bowel and bladder. Immunohistochemical exam has identified findings compatible with mucinous adenocarcinoma of origin in the small bowel. The patient evolved well, being discharged, and returned to postoperative follow-up without signs of relapse of the disease. Conclusion: The relative inaccessibility of the small bowel and the malignant neoplasms’ non-specific symptoms make an early diagnosis difficult. Discovery of the disease, often only at an advanced stage, results in complications and less effective therapy. The laparoscopic approach might be advantageous and effective in the treatment of advanced small bowel cancer with invasion of adjacent structures. Resumo: Introdução: As neoplasias do intestino delgado são entidades raras com apenas 3,2% dos tumores gastrointestinais localizando-se neste segmento. O adenocarcinoma é o segundo tipo histológico mais comum entre as neoplasias do intestino delgado. Os sintomas da doença são inespecíficos, sendo a dor abdominal o mais comum, dificultando o diagnóstico precoce. Dentre as complicações, as fistulas são de ocorrência ainda mais rara. Relato de caso: Mulher de 86 anos, hipertensa, diabética e ex-tabagista. Quadro de dor em abdome inferior, hematúria, fecalúria, febre eventual e perda ponderal. Ao exame físico pele e mucosas hipocoradas. Ressonância Magnética de abdome evidenciou espessamento parietal em segmento do íleo distal com fístula para a parede vesical anterior. Ausência de metástases. Submetida à biopsia endoscópica transuretral da lesão vesical, cujo estudo anatomopatológico evidenciou adenocarcinoma mucinoso invasivo. Realizada enterectomia com enteroanastomose primária, associada à cistectomia parcial por videolaparoscopia. Estudo anatomopatológico das peças cirúrgicas concluiu adenocarcinoma mucinoso com células em anel de sinete localizado em intestino delgado e bexiga. A Imunohistoquímica identificou achados compatíveis com adenocarcinoma mucinoso de origem em intestino delgado. A paciente evoluiu bem no pós-operatório, recebendo alta e retornando para seguimento pós-operatório sem sinais de recidiva da doença. Conclusão: A relativa inacessibilidade do intestino delgado e os sintomas inespecíficos das neoplasias malignas deste sítio dificulta o diagnóstico precoce. O reconhecimento da doença, muitas vezes somente em estágio avançado, resulta em complicações e sequelas com terapêutica menos eficaz. A abordagem laparoscópica pode ser vantajosa no tratamento do câncer avançado do intestino delgado com invasão de estruturas adjacentes. Keywords: Adenocarcinoma mucinous, Intestinal fistula, Laparoscopy, Palavras-chave: Adenocarcinoma mucinoso, Fístula do sistema digestório, Laparoscopi

The surgical treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis from an university hospital at Natal, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the rectum and colon, involving periods of exacerbation and remission. A considerable number of patients requires surgery during the course of this disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the profile and therapeutic approach of patients with UC. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with UC between 1999 and 2010. We selected 45 patients and analyzed the following variables: age, gender, ethnic group, interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, extraintestinal manifestations, extent of colonic involvement, disease complications, pharmacological treatment, indication for surgery, time between diagnosis and indication, surgical procedures, early and late complications and pathological results of surgical specimens. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with other studies. RESULTS: The clinical profile of the patients was consistent with the literature. Nine patients underwent surgical treatment: seven were submitted to proctocolectomy with anastomosis in the ileo-anal pouch and two were submitted to total colectomy; in addition, eight were submitted to ileostomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 55.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms data from the literature regarding the profile and therapeutic approach of patients with ulcerative colitis.<br>INTRODUÇÃO: A retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete reto e cólon, cursando com períodos de exacerbação e remissão. Uma parcela considerável de pacientes necessita de procedimento cirúrgico ao longo do curso dessa enfermidade. OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetiva analisar perfil e abordagem terapêutica de portadores de RCU. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo realizado por meio da análise de prontuários de pacientes acompanhados com diagnóstico de RCU no período de 1999 a 2010. Foram selecionados 45 pessoas, sendo analisadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, raça, intervalo entre início dos sintomas e diagnóstico, sintomatologia, manifestações extraintestinais, extensão do acometimento colônico, complicações da doença, tratamento medicamentoso, indicação de cirurgia, tempo entre esta e o diagnóstico, procedimentos cirúrgicos, complicações precoces e tardias e resultado anatomopatológico das peças cirúrgicas. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e comparados com outros estudos. RESULTADOS: O perfil clínico dos pacientes foi condizente com a literatura. Nove foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, sendo realizadas sete proctocolectomias com anastomose em bolsa íleo-anal e duas colectomias totais, além de oito ileostomias. As complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 55,5% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo corrobora com os dados da literatura referentes ao perfil e abordagem terapêutica dos pacientes com diagnóstico de RCU

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from recurrent perianal fistula in patient with Crohn's disease: case report

Introduction: Anal carcinoma is a rare variant of epithelial tumors of the anal canal. When associated with chronic and active anal fistulas, usually this is an aggressive cancer that has difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Anal fistulas are a common manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma originating from recurrent perianal fistula in patients with CD. Case report: A man of 43 years, with melanoderma, complaining of perianal tumors, anal pain and mucopurulent secretion, the patient was diagnosed with fistulae. Colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process associated with villous polypoid lesion in the colonic and rectal mucosa. In a new episode, where it was diagnosed, chronic colitis of rectum and sigmoid was being prescribed sulfasalazine with improvement. There were relapses and the patient underwent repeated fistulectomias. After investigation, CD was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis showed multiple perineal and gluteal collections, and the patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Anatomopathological exam showed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A new CT showed residual growth of the lesion. The patient was referred to the oncology referral service, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned. The patient developed unfavorably, and his death occurred two months after treatment. Resumo: Introdução: Carcinoma anal é uma rara variante de tumores epiteliais do canal anal. Quando associado a fístulas anais crônicas e ativas, geralmente é um câncer agressivo que possui difícil diagnóstico e mau prognóstico. Fístulas anais são uma manifestação comum da doença de Crohn (DC). Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de adenocarcinoma mucinoso originado de fístula perianal recidivante em paciente com DC. Relato de caso: Homem de 43 anos, com melanoderma e queixas de tumorações na região perianal, dor anal e secreção mucopurulenta, sendo diagnosticada fístula. A colonoscopia evidenciou processo inflamatório crônico associado à lesão polipóide vilosa em mucosa colônica e retal. Em um novo episódio, constatou-se colite crônica em reto e sigmóide, sendo prescrito sulfassalazina com melhora. Houve recidiva do quadro e o paciente foi submetido a repetidas fistulectomias. Após investigação, diagnosticou-se DC. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome e pelve demonstrou múltiplas coleções perineais e glúteas, tendo sido realizada ressecção abdominoperineal do reto. O exame anátomo-patológico evidenciou adenocarcinoma mucinoso invasivo. Nova TC demonstrou crescimento da lesão residual. No serviço de referência oncológica, foram planejadas quimioterapia e radioterapia. O paciente evoluiu desfavoravelmente e veio a óbito após dois meses do tratamento. Keywords: Mucinous adenocarcinoma, Crohn's disease, Anal fistula, Local recurrence of neoplasia, Colectomy, Palavras-chave: Adenocarcinoma mucinoso, Doença de Crohn, Fístula anal, Recidiva local de neoplasia, Colectomi

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Oncotype DX from a Brazilian private medicine perspective: a GBECAM multicenter retrospective study

Background: Oncotype DX (ODX) is a validated assay for the prediction of risk of recurrence and benefit of chemotherapy (CT) in both node negative (N0) and 1–3 positive nodes (N1), hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) early breast cancer (eBC). Due to limited access to genomic assays in Brazil, treatment decisions remain largely driven by traditional clinicopathologic risk factors. ODX has been reported to be cost-effective in different health system, but limited data are available considering the reality of middle-income countries such as Brazil. We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ODX across strata of clinical risk groups using data from a dataset of patients from Brazilian institutions. Methods: Clinicopathologic and ODX information were analyzed for patients with T1–T3, N0–N1, HR+/HER2− eBC who had an ODX performed between 2005 and 2020. Projections of CT indication by clinicopathologic criteria were based on binary clinical risk categorization based on the Adjuvant! Algorithm. The ODX score was correlated with the indication of CT according to TAILORx and RxPONDER data. Two decision-tree models were developed. In the first model, low and high clinical risk patients were included while in the second, only high clinical risk patients were included. The cost for ODX and CT was based on the Brazilian private medicine perspective. Results: In all, 645 patients were analyzed; 411 patients (63.7%) had low clinical risk and 234 patients (36.3%) had high clinical risk disease. The ODX indicated low (25) risk in 119 (18.4%), 415 (64.3%), and 111 (17.2%) patients, respectively. Among 645 patients analyzed in the first model, ODX was effective (5.6% reduction in CT indication) though with an incremental cost of United States Dollar (US$) 2288.87 per patient. Among 234 patients analyzed in the second model (high clinical risk only), ODX led to a 57.7$ 4350.66 per patient. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ODX is cost-saving for patients with high clinical risk HR+/HER2− eBC and cost-attractive for the overall population in the Brazilian private medicine perspective. Its incorporation into routine practice should be strongly considered by healthcare providers