37 research outputs found

    Automated Quantification of Right Ventricular Fat at Contrast-enhanced Cardiac Multidetector CT in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

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    International audiencePurpose: To evaluate an automated method for the quantification of fat in the right ventricular (RV) free wall on multidetector computed tomography (CT) images and assess its diagnostic value in arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and all patients gave informed consent. Thirty-six patients with ARVC (mean age 6 standard deviation, 46 years 6 15; seven women) were compared with 36 age-and sex-matched subjects with no structural heart disease (control group), as well as 36 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ischemic group). Patients underwent contrast material– enhanced electrocardiography-gated cardiac multidetector CT. A 2-mm-thick RV free wall layer was automatically segmented and myocardial fat, expressed as percentage of RV free wall, was quantified as pixels with attenuation less than 210 HU. Patient-specific segmentations were registered to a template to study fat distribution. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of fat quantification by using task force criteria as a reference. Results: Fat extent was 16.5% 6 6.1 in ARVC and 4.6% 6 2.7 in non-ARVC (P , .0001). No significant difference was observed between control and ischemic groups (P = .23). A fat extent threshold of 8.5% of RV free wall was used to diagnose ARVC with 94% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82%, 98%) and 92% specificity (95% CI: 83%, 96%). This diagnostic performance was higher than the one for RV volume (mean area under the ROC curve, 0.96 6 0.02 vs 0.88 6 0.04; P = .009). In patients with ARVC, fat correlated to RV volume (R = 0.63, P , .0001), RV function (R = 20.67, P = .001), epsilon waves (R = 0.39, P = .02), inverted T waves in V 1 –V 3 (R = 0.38, P = .02), and presence of PKP2 mutations (R = 0.59, P = .02). Fat distribution differed between patients with ARVC and those without, with posterolateral RV wall being the most ARVC-specific area

    A RasGAP SH3 Peptide Aptamer Inhibits RasGAP-Aurora Interaction and Induces Caspase-Independent Tumor Cell Death

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    The Ras GTPase-activating protein RasGAP catalyzes the conversion of active GTP-bound Ras into inactive GDP-bound Ras. However, RasGAP also acts as a positive effector of Ras and exerts an anti-apoptotic activity that is independent of its GAP function and that involves its SH3 (Src homology) domain. We used a combinatorial peptide aptamer approach to select a collection of RasGAP SH3 specific ligands. We mapped the peptide aptamer binding sites by performing yeast two-hybrid mating assays against a panel of RasGAP SH3 mutants. We examined the biological activity of a peptide aptamer targeting a pocket delineated by residues D295/7, L313 and W317. This aptamer shows a caspase-independent cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines. It disrupts the interaction between RasGAP and Aurora B kinase. This work identifies the above-mentioned pocket as an interesting therapeutic target to pursue and points its cognate peptide aptamer as a promising guide to discover RasGAP small-molecule drug candidates

    Prévalence et reproductibilité intra et inter-observateurs du diagnostic d'embolie pulmonaire sous-segmentaire isolée en tomodensitométrie multi-coupes 16 canaux, dans une population de patients hospitalisés

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    Les objectifs de notre étude étaient d'évaluer la prévalence de l'embolie pulmonaire sous segmentaire isolée détectée par scanner multicoupes 16 canaux (coupes millimétriques) dans une population de patients hospitaliśés et de mesurer la reproductiblité intra et inter observateurs du diagnostic de l'embolie sous segmentaire exclusive avec ce'tte technique d'imagerie. Notre étude rétrospective a porté sur 200 patients consécutifs hospitalisés ayant bénéficié d'une angio-TDM pour suspicion d'embolie pulmonaire. 86 patients (43%) présentaient une pathologie cardiaque ou thoracique associée au moment de l'examen. 20 patients (10%) avaient une altération de la réserve cardio-pulmonaire. Les examens TDM ont été relus indépendamment d'embolie pulmonaire sous segmentaire isolée ont été mesurées statistiquement par le test du kappa. Afin de vérifier la pertinence de nos résultats sur une population plus importante, un nouvel effectif de 200 patients suivants consécutifs a été utilisé pour calculer la prévalence de l'embolie sous segmentaire exclusive. Résultats : 75 patients (19,5%) présentaient une EP et parmi ces patients, 9 (12%) présentaient des emboles limités aux territoires sous segmentaires. La concordance inter-observateurs pour le diagnostic d'embolie sous segmentaire isolée était modérée à excellente avec des valeurs de kappa entre 0,5 et 0,84. La concordance intra- observateur était excellente. Conclusion : l'angio-TDM multicoupes 16 canaux est une technique de diagnostic reproductible des embolies distales isolées.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
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