Die funksie van die ‘danksegging(s)’ in 1 Tessalonisense

The function of the ‘thanksgiving(s)’ in 1 ThessaloniansThe aim of this article is to determine the possible communicative function(s) of the 'thanksgiving (s)’ in 1 Thessalonians. Traditionally more than one ‘thanksgiving’ is identified in this letter (contrasting the other Pauline letters containing only one ‘thanksgiving’). Approaches like the formalist and /or ‘content’ approaches are rendered as inadequate to deal with this problem. The interactive model seems to be a more satisfactory approach to determine the function(s) of these sections in 1 Thessalonians. This approach leads to the conclusion that ‘thanksgiving’ is a misnomer for these sections in 1 Thessalonians; their function is rather to render the implied reader favourable towards the encoded author so that he/she can be receptive to his argumentation

‘n Verkenning van regsvertaling as ‘n “spesiale geval”

Legal translation is a complex activity which has to date received little attention in South Africa, despite the increasing demand for well-trained legal translators. This article explores the field of legal translation by considering its position in terms of different theoretical models of translation. The relation between (legal) text type and translation strategy is also investigated. In legal translation, the main focus is on two important notions, namely legal force and legal equivalence. As a consequence, any theory of legal translation must take into account the importance of these concepts. In this regard, legal translation may be regarded as a special case, which cannot be dealt with in general theories of translation. In addition, this article focuses on the problems translation students experience with the unique and distinctive characteristics of legal language, and their inability to approach the translation task methodically and systematically. In the latter part of the article, a teaching method is proposed and demonstrated, whereby the cognitive structure of a legal text is simplified. It is suggested that this method of text analysis is a useful tool in the training of legal translators.Keywords: legal texts; legal translator; translation model; translation strategy; text analysis; creativity; cognitive structuring; legal force; legal effect; legal intent; legal validitySleutelbegrippe: regstekste; regsvertaler; vertaalmodel; vertaalstrategie; teksontleding; kreatiwiteit; kognitiewe strukturering; regskrag; regsuitwerking; regsintensie; regsgeldigheidThe article is in Afrikaans

Federal grants-in-aid : accounting and auditing practices

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1628/thumbnail.jp

The Diagnosis of Liver Disease in the Dog and Horse

The diagnosis and prognosis of liver disease is dependent upon an understanding of the biochemistry of hepatic function and its clinical and laboratory manifestations. A complete history and an exhaustive clinical examination are of prime importance to correlate with the indicated laboratory tests. Due to the rapid regenerative ability of the liver, interpretations of all function tests must be viewed only in terms of short time intervals. The use of a few procedures which can be interpreted on the basis of past experience is most desirable

PTSD and Substance Use Disorders among Offenders: Examining the Effects of TBI, Gender and Interpersonal Violence Victimization

Offender populations have high rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) as well as violence, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The lack of screening and treatment of co-occurring disorders has been cited as a major barrier to treating SUDs in offenders. A significant proportion of the offender population has at least one co-occurring disorder with their substance use. Often co-occurring disorders are related to SUDs. Evidence suggests that interpersonal violence victimization (IPVV), TBI, and PTSD are related to SUD and that PTSD alone may also contribute to criminality. The specific aims of this research are to: 1. Determine factors associated with PTSD. 2. Determine if gender differences exist in the relationship between IPVV and SUDs. 3. Determine whether there are differences by TBI status in the relationship between IPVV and SUD. 4. Determine factors that mediate the relationship between gender and long-term illicit hard drug use (HDU) and also between gender and illicit HDU severity. This research study used a gender-stratified random sample from the Statewide Investigation of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Prisoners (SITBIP) study and follows a cross-sectional study design. Three hundred twenty male and 316 female offenders housed in South Carolina state prisons were interviewed from April 2009-April 2010. We found that rates of lifetime and current PTSD exceeded the rates found in the general population, with females having over twice the prevalence as males. Overall, trauma, psychiatric disorders, alcohol and drug use, poorer health, increased impulsivity, TBI, and lower resiliency scores were associated with lifetime PTSD. Controlling for covariates, a 47% difference was detected in the magnitude of the association between IPVV and SUD, by TBI status. No differences were found in the IPVV-SUD relationship by gender when controlling for covariates. Finally, the relationship between female gender and long-term illicit HDU and illicit HDU severity was found to be partially attributable to direct violence

Evidence for polarised boron in Co-B and Fe-B alloys

By exploiting the tunability of synchrotron radiation in measurements of spin-resolved photoemission it has proved possible to obtain information on the polarisation of the valence electrons of Co-B and Fe-B amorphous magnetic alloys, Both the spin-integrated and spin-resolved energy distribution curves show a marked dependence on photon energy indicating that the p states of boron hybridise with the d states of the transition metals giving rise to mixed states in the binding energy range 1 to 5 eV, The observed polarisation and spin-resolved densities of states imply that in the above restricted energy range there is a net negative polarisation of the boron states