Quilotórax associado à torção de lobo pulmonar em gata

A torção de lobo pulmonar (TLP) é uma enfermidade rara em cães e excepcional em gatos. Os lobos mais afetados são os médios direito e esquerdo, embora qualquer  lobo possa sofrer uma torção, sendo que sua etiologia é pouco compreendida. O quilotórax é o acúmulo de fluido linfático na cavidade torácica, que ocorre com grande freqüência em gatos, e está freqüentemente associado à TLP, mas ainda não foi esclarecido se ele é a causa ou a conseqüência da torção. Os sinais clínicos incluem tosse, prostração, taquipnéia, dispnéia, anorexia, vômito, e diarréia. Uma gata, sem raça definida, esterilizada com 13 anos de idade foi encaminhada para clínica veterinária particular (Gatos & Gatos Vet.) no Rio de Janeiro, apresentando intensa dispnéia, anorexia, prostração. O estudo radiográfico evidenciou efusão pleural grave, e aumento da radiopacidade cranial após drenagem do fluido. Procedeu-se a colocação de dreno torácico e após a estabilização do animal, foi realizada toracotomia, que revelou a TLP médio esquerdo, sendo feita à lobectomia. do mesmo. Cerca de três semanas após o primeiro atendimento foi retirado o dreno, mas o animal não resistiu vindo a óbito após quatro semanas

Hemangiosarcoma Associated with Polypropylene Suture in a Cat

Background: Sutures plays an important role in wound repair by providing hemostasis and support for healing suture. Synthetic non-absorbable like polypropylene suture materials induce minimal tissue reaction. Polypropylene has not been associated to neoplasms in domestic animals. The aim this study is to describe the first case of polypropylene suture induced hemangiosarcoma in an abdominal wall of a feline.Case: A 13-year-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a ventral abdominal subcutaneous mass. Clinical examination revealed a firm, rough, and irregular, approximately 6 x 4 cm subcutaneous mass involving the caudal ventral abdomen. A complete blood (cell) count (CBC) was within normal limits. Leukemia and FIV tests were negative; andthe results of a chemistry panel revealed elevated creatinine (valor: 2.0 reference range: 0.5-1.9). Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large mass of mixed echogenicity in the mid-ventral abdomen cranial to the bladder, measuring approximately 6 x 4 cm in the middle line with suture deeply embedded within mass suggesting foreign body reaction or neoplasm. There was evidence of sutures (hyperechoic lines) along the caudal abdominal wall extending into the mass. Records indicated that ovariohysterectomy procedure was performed 12 years previously at the same clinic and the closure of the abdominal wall was made with polypropylene sutures. No other abdominal surgery was performed in this cat. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography was not performed due to owner’s finance restrains. The catwas referred to surgery and the mass was excised. No evidence of metastasis was noted during surgery. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were oval to round with granular cytoplasm and vesicular nucleus and exhibited moderate cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. A diagnosis of abdominal wall hemangiosarcoma was made with suture deeply embedded within mass. Surgical margins were clear. Chemotherapy was indicated, but the owner declined due to financial reasons. This is the first polypropylene suture mass associated hemangiosarcoma in cats.Discussion: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells origin and it may be associated with chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. It was reported in previous studies, and it could be a hypothesis for the presented clinical case. There are two cases described in the literature of abdominal wall tumor associated with foreignbody and exuberant inflammatory response in cats using different types of suture; one case is a steel staple developing hemangiosarcoma and the other is polyester sutures developed fibrosarcoma. The present study shows a primary hemangiosarcoma diagnosed several years after closure of abdominal wall using polypropylene sutures in a female cat. Polypropylene is a monofilament suture that create less tissue-drag and induces less inflammation than multifilament sutures and is the preferred suture to close abdominal wall. Cats demonstrate a peculiar predisposition to neoplasms at the site of injury. Although the pathogenesis is still unclear, the introduction a “foreign body” may cause inflammatory process that act as a stimulus to neoplasia formation. We believe that polypropylene was the foreign material that may have played arole in tumor development in this case and it has not been reported before. Polypropylene sutures were found on gross examination of excised material. Any uncoated braided non-absorbable material located deeply in tissues may evoke a chronic inflammatory response (granuloma). A granuloma may evolve to malignancy in some cats. Despite polypropylenematerials induce minimal tissue reaction, it may be associated to neoplasm.Keywords: polypropylene suture, hemangiosarcoma, cat, tumor induced by foreign body

Um caso atípico de esporotricose felina

A esporotricose é uma micose cutânea causada pelo fungo Sporothrix schenckii o qual pode infectar diferentes espécies animal e o homem. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso atípico de esporotricose num gato doméstico. Um gato de um ano de idade, sem raça definida, macho castrado, domiciliado com acesso à rua, apresentava um histórico de uma lesão cutânea ulcerativa de três meses na região escrotal, após a realização da orquiectomia. Na inspeção da região perianal foi evidenciada uma ferida exuberante única piogranulomatosa com áreas teciduais necrosadas. Não foi possível identificar orifício uretral. O gato apresentava obstrução uretral parcial, ocasionando grave retenção urinária. Sporothrix schenckii foi isolado da lesão. O tratamento com itraconazol oral por dois meses provou ser eficaz associado com a uretrostomia perineal

Retrospective Study of Adverse Events of Chemotherapy in Cats

Background: Clients who seek veterinary care for pets with cancer are often concerned about the potential negative impact of chemotherapeutic treatments on their animals’ quality of life. A consensus currently exists in veterinary oncology regarding the quantification and rating of adverse treatment effects in dogs and cats in response to chemotherapy agents. This grading system is referred to as Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to investigate the delayed acute effects of chemotherapy drugs in cats receiving cancer treatment.Materials, Methods & Results: Medical records were reviewed to determine the chemotherapy agent used and delayed adverse effects. Side effects were classified according to Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group grading. All cats were evaluated after the first chemotherapy administration, after a single dose. The reported effects included hematologic effects (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increases in liver enzymes, and azotemia), gastrointestinal effects (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and inappetence), and sepsis. All of the cats in this study received ondansetron and omeprazol  in the first five days following chemotherapy administration. If vomiting occurred with oral medication, maropitant was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days. If diarrhea (> grade II) occurred, probiotics were administered for seven days. Hematologic examination was performed 3-14 days after chemotherapy. If neutropenia (> grade III) occurred, Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor was administered subcutaneously for three consecutive days together with prophylactic antibiotics. Lomustine, carboplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and vinblastine were administered in 33%, 19%, 16%, 5%, 16%, 10% and 2% of the cases examined, respectively. The most common adverse events were vomiting, inappetence, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Vomiting occurred in 6% cases, most of them associated with cyclophosphamide. Inappetence/anorexia affected 12% of the cases, mostly those involving cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin. Neutropenia was observed in 22% of the cases, with cyclophosphamide, followed by carboplatin and lomustine. According to the current grading system of adverse effects induced by chemotherapy, grade I toxicity was observed in 83% of the cases, whiles grade II-IV were observed in 7%, 8%, and 2% of the cases examined, respectively.Discussion: In general, the chemotherapy regimens in the cases examined were well tolerated. The toxicity experienced was infrequent and mostly mild, thereby resulting in satisfactory tolerability of the chemotherapy regimens. According to the current grading system for the adverse effects of chemotherapy, 83% of the cases examined included grade I, indicating that most of the cats experienced asymptomatic, or mild symptoms, and medical intervention was not needed. In previous studies of dogs and cats, a severe adverse event following chemotherapy was reported for fewer than 1 in 4 animals, and approximately 3-5% experienced a serious adverse event that led to hospitalization. In the present study, 2% of the cats experienced serious or life threatening adverse events. The only chemotherapeutic agent that was associated with inappetence, vomiting, and neutropenia was cyclophosphamide. Based on the data examined, we would recommend that cyclophosphamide should be used with caution for the treatment of cancer in cats, with adequate antiemetic and nutritional support available if needed. In addition, febrile neutropenia/sepsis may be avoided by using a fractionated schedule

Adenoma de hipófise em uma gata com hiperadrenocorticismo

Background:  :  :  : Feline Cushing’s syndrome (FCS) is a disorder of excessive cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands and is rare in cats. The most frequently observed clinical signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia which are also consistent with diabetes mellitus. These diabetic cats are often insulin resistants. The dexamethasone suppression test is considered the test of choice for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The majority of cats with naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome have pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and it is caused by functional microadenoma or macroadenoma pituitary. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in diagnosis of pituitary tumors. Treatments of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism include surgery of the pituitary or adrenals, radiation of the pituitary, and medical therapies. Bilateral adrenalectomy continues to represent the best long-term therapeutic strategy until hypophysectomy becomes more widely available. This paper reports a cat with macroadenoma pituitary causing hiperadrenocorticism and insulin resistance. Case: A 12-year-old female castrated Brazilian shorthair cat was referred to the veterinary due to polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and polyphagia. The presence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dl), glucosuria and elevated fructosamine concentration revealed diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy was introduced but the glycemia was poorly controlled despite the high dose of insulin. Concomitant disease was suspected. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilaterally enlarged adrenals. The dexamethasone suppression test showed pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Computed tomography or hypophysectomy wasn‘t available. Medical therapy with mitotane was introduced but anorexia and vomiting developed. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed without complications and histological evaluation of adrenal revealed hyperplasia. After surgery, treatment with mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids was introduced. The cat had resolution of clinical signs and insulin requirements were decreased. According to the owner, three weeks after surgery, the cat showed abnormal behavior, compulsive walking and circling. The cat died eight months after bilateral adrenalectomy. A complete necropsy was performed and histopathological examination confirmed the pituitary macroadenoma. Discussion: Insulin resistance should be suspected in diabetic cat if control of glycemia is poor despite the high insulin dosage. Clinical signs related to poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are common in cats with hyperadrenocorticism. Hyperadrenocorticism can cause severe insulin resistance and it is often associated with a pituitary macrotumor. Pituitary tumors may lead to hypercotisolism. Bilateral adrenalectomy is a viable alternative to transphenoidal hypophysectomy for treatment of feline pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism when hypophysectomy is not available. Neurological signs can be a result of pituitary tumors and they can get worse after the adrenalectomy because of the enlargement of the tumor. Despite of clinical signs, the cat had improved in response to the bilateral adrenalectomy and had a good quality of life during eight months after surgery

Dispnéia provocada por tumor laringeano em gatos no período de 1997 a 2007

Tumores acometendo a laringe são raros e, geralmente, não têm uma terapia de sucesso. O exame visual direto da laringe fornece informações importantes para animais suspeitos de doenças laringianas. Este estudo avalia gatos apresentando tumor de laringe no período de dez anos. Nesse período, foram observados somente dois casos com tumores laringianos. Ambos animais apresentaram o histórico de severa e persistente dispnéia, associada a ruído respiratório. A radiografia cervical demonstrou aumento da opacidade dos tecidos moles na laringe em um gato e, no outro, uma massa quase obstruindo totalmente o lúmen. Os gatos foram anestesiados e, a inspeção visual para a intubação, demonstrou a presença de massa que não permitiu a intubação dos gatos. Traqueostomia permanente foi realizada para impedir a oclusão do trato respiratório pela massa. Os donos não permitiram a realização da ressecção da massa e os dois gatos foram eutanasiados, um após o resultado da citologia e o outro após o resultado da histopatologia. Tumores de laringe são incomuns e, geralmente, são malignos em gatos

Uso de triancinolona local em uma gata com estenose esofágica

A estenose esofágica é uma inflamação no esôfago acometendo as camadas submucosa e muscular com formação de tecido fibroso. O sinal clínico predominante de tal alteração é a regurgitação. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado através de radiografia contrastada do esôfago e endoscopia. O tratamento inclue os procedimentos conservativos (dilatação através de balão ou por uso de velas) ou cirúrgicos (ressecção e anastomose). O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o uso de triancinolona local em uma gata com estenose esofágica. Um felino de oito anos de idade, castrada apresentava estenose no esôfago proximal, a causa suspeita foi à ingestão de medicamentos. O tratamento escolhido foi dilatação pelo uso de balão. Após a sétima endoscopia, a gata apresentava regurgitação refratária à dilatação, então foi decidida a administração local de triancinolona. A triancinolona intralesional foi associada com resolução dos sinais nessa paciente. A gata permanece bem seis meses após o corticóide local, apenas regurgita ração de grãos grandes

Pseudomicetoma Dermatofítico causado por Microsporum canis em gatos de raça Persa

O pseudomicetoma dermatofítico é uma infecção fúngica rara que tem sido relatada em gatos e no homem, e mais recentemente em cães e cavalos. Na maioria dos casos o agente isolado é o Microsporum canis. No presente artigo relata-se um caso de pseudomicetoma dermatofítico em um gato da raça Persa, no qual o agente isolado foi Microsporum canis. As lesões são caracterizadas por nódulos que variam em torno de 1 a 1,5 cm de diâmetro de consistência firme e forma irregular. Histologicamente, as lesões são caracterizadas por uma dermatite granulomatosa profunda, com predomínio de macrófagos, células epitelióides e a discreta presença de plasmócitos, eosinófilos e um denso agregado de hifas em meio a uma marcante reação de Slendori-Hoeppli

Quilotórax associado à torção de lobo pulmonar em gata

A torção de lobo pulmonar (TLP) é uma enfermidade rara em cães e excepcional em gatos. Os lobos mais afetados são os médios direito e esquerdo, embora qualquer  lobo possa sofrer uma torção, sendo que sua etiologia é pouco compreendida. O quilotórax é o acúmulo de fluido linfático na cavidade torácica, que ocorre com grande freqüência em gatos, e está freqüentemente associado à TLP, mas ainda não foi esclarecido se ele é a causa ou a conseqüência da torção. Os sinais clínicos incluem tosse, prostração, taquipnéia, dispnéia, anorexia, vômito, e diarréia. Uma gata, sem raça definida, esterilizada com 13 anos de idade foi encaminhada para clínica veterinária particular (Gatos & Gatos Vet.) no Rio de Janeiro, apresentando intensa dispnéia, anorexia, prostração. O estudo radiográfico evidenciou efusão pleural grave, e aumento da radiopacidade cranial após drenagem do fluido. Procedeu-se a colocação de dreno torácico e após a estabilização do animal, foi realizada toracotomia, que revelou a TLP médio esquerdo, sendo feita à lobectomia. do mesmo. Cerca de três semanas após o primeiro atendimento foi retirado o dreno, mas o animal não resistiu vindo a óbito após quatro semanas

Treatment of Two Cats with Advanced Nasal Lymphoma with Orthovoltage Radiation Therapy and Systemic Chemotherapy

Background: Feline nasal lymphoma is generally a localized and radiosensitive tumor. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both treatments. Chemotherapy alone is generally not effective, leading to median survival times of 98 to 358 days, while RT alone or a combination of RT and chemotherapy lead to median survivals of 19 months and 955 days, respectively. Orthovoltage radiation therapy, the only radiation available in Brasil, has the disadvantage of being superfcial, treating only tumors of 2 cm or less and causing marked skin side effects. The objective of this paper is to report two cases of advanced feline nasal lymphoma, with cribriform plate destruction and central nervous system invasion, successfully treated with orthovoltage radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Case: Two female mixed breed cats were presented with nasal discharge, sneezing and facial deformity. The second cat also had neurologic signalment. Defnitive diagnosis in histopathology was lymphoma. Computed tomography revealed advanced disease in both cases, with intranasal mass, bone lysis, invasion of orbital space and central nervous system. Both cats were treated with radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. The frst case received radiation therapy for gross disease (12 daily fractions of 300 cGy, fve times per week) and CCNU/prednisolone chemotherapy, while the second case received cytoreductive rhinotomy followed by radiation therapy (12 fractions of 300 cGy in a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule) and chemotherapy with COP protocol. Both cats had long term tumor control, superior to 1000 days. Radiation side effects were well tolerated and resolved with supportive treatment. Chemotherapy side effects was neutropenia, only observed in the frst cat. One cat is still alive and in remission (1120 days after treatment), while the second cat died of unrelated cause (with no local tumor relapse) after 1011 days. Discussion: Radiation therapy could be considered the mainstay of treatment for feline nasal lymphoma. However, given that lymphoma is generally a systemic disease, chemotherapy should also play a role in management of feline nasal lymphoma. In the current report, both radiation therapy and chemotherapy were prescribed as it was considered the most aggressive treatment option. All acute radiation therapy reactions (erythema, conjunctivitis and keratitis) resolved with supportive care in reported cats. The combination of therapies used in this case report resulted in extended progression free interval as well as survival times, of over 1000 days. This results exceedes survival times of cats with nasal lymphoma treated with chemotherapy alone or with prednisone alone. Megavoltage radiation has greater penetrability and is more effective in treating nasal tumors, particularly tumors located at greater depths from the skin surface. Orthovoltage radiation therapy has the disadvantage of being too superfcial, treating tumors of 2 cm or less, with more skin side effects. As orthovoltage radiation is the only radiation therapy available in Brasil, it was used in both cats of this report and is effcient for appropriate long term tumor control. The presence of cribriform plate destruction at the time of diagnosis was considered to be anegative prognostic factor for both PFI and survival. However, in the reported cats, PFI and survival times were superior to 1000 days, even with cribriform plate destruction and central nervous system invasion. Feline nasal lymphoma should be aggressively treated by radiation therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy. These cats can beneft from long term tumor control and excellent quality of life after treatment. Keywords: feline, nasal lymphoma, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, survival