Reseña sobre producción de conejos

Evolución historia, comercio exterior y situación nacional de la producción del conejoFacultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Mejoramiento genético en conejos para carne (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The selection of lines has been the main strategy of genetic improvement in meat rabbits. The paternal lines are selected for average daily gain or weight to the age of slaughter, both related to the feed conversion index. For the maternal lines prevails like criterion of selection the litter size to the birth or upon weaning, and more recently indirect methods as the rate of ovulation. Intensive meat production in rabbits is based on a three way crossbreeding scheme. The first crossing includes two maternal lines generating females F1, a second crossing consists of the utilization of male of a third paternal line, the born individuals of this crossing are destined to slaughter. The estimation of genetic parameters for different populations has been object of study in different productive clusters in order to establish in each case the characteristics to include in the plans of improvement. The values of heritability observed by diverse authors for litter size are similar (0.05 to 0.14) while for the variables related to the weaning weight, the discrepancies among the authors are greater (0.03 to 0.72).La selección de líneas ha sido la principal estrategia de mejoramiento genético en conejos para carne. Las líneas paternas son seleccionadas por ganancia diaria pos - destete o peso a la edad de faena, ambas relacionadas con el índice de conversión. Para las líneas maternas prevalece como criterio de selección el tamaño de la camada al nacimiento o al destete y, más recientemente, métodos indirectos como la tasa de ovulación. La producción intensiva de conejos para carne está basada en un esquema de cruzamientos de, al menos, tres vías: el primer cruzamiento incluye dos líneas maternas generando hembras F1, un segundo cruzamiento consiste en la utilización de machos de una tercera línea paterna y los individuos nacidos de este cruzamiento serán los que se destinan a faena. La estimación de parámetros genéticos para distintas poblaciones ha sido objeto de estudio en diferentes núcleos productivos con el fin de establecer en cada caso las características a incluir en los planes de mejora. Los valores de heredabilidad observados por diversos autores para tamaño de camada nacida viva son similares (0,05 a 0,14) mientras que para las variables relacionadas con el peso pos - destete, las discrepancias entre los autores son mayores (0,03 a 0,72).Instituto de Genética VeterinariaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Curso de introducción a la producción animal

La formación en producción animal exige el desarrollo de procesos cognitivos complejos, que trascienden una recopilación de datos técnicos. En esta producción, el equipo docente apunta a unificar terminología y compartir un acervo conceptual común sobre el que desarrollar el análisis, la reflexión, la inducción y la deducción como herramientas aplicadas al área específica de la zootecnia. Se incluyen elementos básicos de producción bovina, caprina, ovina, porcina, avícola y cunícola.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Effects of Hull Inclusión in Diets for Rabbits

Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Effect of Type of Hay and Concentrate Level in Intake and Digestibility in Diets for Goats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of hay and concentrate on total hay intake and supplied already, the additive/substitutive effect and total apparent digestibility of the diet intake in diets for goats. Experiment I: diets: Alfalfa hay (A1), Alfalfa hay + corn (0.5% LW/day) (A2), + 1% LW/day (A3), + 1.5% LW/day (A4). Experiment II: diets: Natural grassland hay (CN) (R1), hay CN + corn (0.5% LW/day) (R2), hay CN + corn (1% of LW/day) (R3), + 1.5% of LW/day) (R4). Intake, ratio forage/concentrate and total apparent digestibility were calculated. Experiment I: There were no effects (p> 0.05) on the CMST for the corn tested levels and recorded a linear decrease (p <0.05) in the CTFDN, CTFDA and CTPB. The CMSF decreased linearly (p <0.05) with increasing amounts of corn by verifying a hay effect on the concentrate. The F/C was different (p <0.05) in all treatments. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Experiment II: a linear increase (p <0.05) on the CMST and CTPB with increasing corn in diet and no differences (p> 0.05) on the CMSF, CTFDN and CTFDA is observed. The F/C and CTPB differ (p <0.05) among all the diets tested. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase of maize levels improved the total digestibility of the ration consumed and the substitute or additive effect depended on the quality of the hay used.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Effects of Hull Inclusión in Diets for Rabbits

Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Cinética de amikacina administrada en conejos con distintos regímenes alimenticios

La amikacina (AMK), 1-N-(L(-)-4-amino-2-hidroxibutiril), es un antibiótico aminoglucosido semisintetico que pertenece a la familia de la dibekacina, netilmicina y kanendomicina. La AMK deriva de la kanamicina A, de la cual es similar farmacologica y toxicologicamente, aunque más estable a las enzimas bacterianas que inactivan los aminoglucosidos. La AMK presenta actividad contra gérmenes Gram negativos como Escherichia Coli, Citrobacter freundii y C. diversus, Salmonela spp., Shigela spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., y Gram positivos como Staphilococcus aureus2. Múltiples factores pueden modificar la farmacocinetica de los antibióticos. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron estudiar el comportamiento farmacocinético de la AMK administrada en conejos alimentados con raciones equilibrada y restringida en proteínas.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Creole goats: reproductive and productive start to La Plata zone

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la incidencia de la edad y peso al primer servicio de cabrillas criollas de reposición sobre la productividad al primero y al segundo parto. Se registró: peso al nacimiento de las cabrillas, edad, peso y época del primer servicio, peso preparto, postparto, peso vivo parido, relación porcentual entre el peso de las crías al nacimiento y el peso postparto de la madre, prolificidad, peso de las crías y producción de leche a los 30 días, e intervalo entre partos. Las cabrillas que tomaron servicio antes del año de vida (L1) resultaron significativamente más pesadas al nacimiento. El peso al primer servicio y la prolificidad de las hembras que tomaron servicio con una edad superior al año de vida (L2) fueron significativamente superiores. Las épocas de servicio variaron de la primera a la segunda preñez, no registrándose servicios primaverales en cabrillas de primera parición. Para el nivel productivo de la cabra criolla, una utilización precoz de las hembras de reposición no afectaría la productividad al segundo parto. Resulta recomendable utilizar los animales nacidos en primavera con mayor peso para su inicio reproductivo en el otoño siguiente.The influence of age and weight of creole goats in their first and second parturition productivity was studied. Weight at birth, age, weight and month of their first service, prolificity, pre and post-partum weight, breeding weight and milk production were determined in both parturitions. Goats were grouped according their age at first parturition: L1, less than 12 months; L2, more than 12 months. L1 females were heavier at birth than L2. Birht weight and prolificity showed significant higher values in L2 female. Other variables had no diference among groups. Services distribution were significant different between first and second pregnancy. There were no spring season service for little goats. Early services in little goats had no effect on their productivity. We suggest to use little goats born in spring with higher weight, next autumn.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Effect of Type of Hay and Concentrate Level in Intake and Digestibility in Diets for Goats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of hay and concentrate on total hay intake and supplied already, the additive/substitutive effect and total apparent digestibility of the diet intake in diets for goats. Experiment I: diets: Alfalfa hay (A1), Alfalfa hay + corn (0.5% LW/day) (A2), + 1% LW/day (A3), + 1.5% LW/day (A4). Experiment II: diets: Natural grassland hay (CN) (R1), hay CN + corn (0.5% LW/day) (R2), hay CN + corn (1% of LW/day) (R3), + 1.5% of LW/day) (R4). Intake, ratio forage/concentrate and total apparent digestibility were calculated. Experiment I: There were no effects (p> 0.05) on the CMST for the corn tested levels and recorded a linear decrease (p <0.05) in the CTFDN, CTFDA and CTPB. The CMSF decreased linearly (p <0.05) with increasing amounts of corn by verifying a hay effect on the concentrate. The F/C was different (p <0.05) in all treatments. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Experiment II: a linear increase (p <0.05) on the CMST and CTPB with increasing corn in diet and no differences (p> 0.05) on the CMSF, CTFDN and CTFDA is observed. The F/C and CTPB differ (p <0.05) among all the diets tested. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase of maize levels improved the total digestibility of the ration consumed and the substitute or additive effect depended on the quality of the hay used.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Pharmacokinetics and Evaluation of the Safety of Cefepime Administered to Rabbits

The aim of this study was to determine the kinetic behaviour and the safety of cefepime administered to rabbits. For this, rabbits (n = 29) were used and distributed in Groups 1 (G1), 2 (G2) and Control (CG). Animals from G1 (n = 21) received a monodose of cefepime intravenously, (20 mg/kg weight) and, after this, blood samples were collected, controlling the time. Rabbits from Group G2 (n = 4) received multidoses of cefepime (20 mg/kg weight, intravenously), and blood and urine samples were taken in order to analyse them. Animals from Groups G2 and CG were controlled electrocardiographically (ECG) throughout the treatment. Rabbits from Group CG (n = 4) were evaluated and samples were obtained in the same way and within the same time periods as G2. The concentration-time curves of cefepime were determined using a biological method, and it was analysed through a non-compartmental model. The pharmacokinetic results (Mean ± S.D.) were: t½ = 1.6 ± 0.4 h; AUC = 212.1 ± 82.1 μg/mL.h; AUMC = 387.4 ± 132.2 μg/mL.h; Vss = 216.7 ± 63.4 mL/kg; CL = 99.7 ± 19.4 mL/kg y TMR = 2.0 ± 0.4 h. The cefepime administered to rabbits in therapeutic doses did not produce any biochemical, electrocardiographic or renal modification.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire