Avaliação de resistência à Sigatoka-amarela em genótipos de bananeira.

A bananeira é produzida em cerca de 150 países em todos os continentes. Em 2011 a produção brasileira de banana chegou a 7.023.396 toneladas/ano, com aumento em relação aos anos anteriores. Entre os problemas fitossanitários da bananeira, a Sigatoka-amarela, causada por Mycosphaerella musicola Leach, é um dos mais importantes, haja vista a sua dispersão no país com adaptabilidade a diferentes condições climáticas e causa perdas estimadas em 50% na produção, com possibilidade de atingir 100% em alguns microclimas

Diagnóstico molecular para o nematóide Rotylenchulus reniformis.

bitstream/CPAC-2010/30255/1/bolpd-214.pd

Identificação molecular de Heterodera glycines, o nematóide de cistos da soja.

bitstream/CPAC-2010/30252/1/bolpd-211.pd

Identificação molecular do nematóide Pratylenchus brachyurus.

bitstream/CPAC-2010/30251/1/bolpd-210.pd

Tapered GRIN fiber microsensor

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe sensitivity of an optical fiber microsensor based on inter-modal interference can be considerably improved by tapering a short extension of the multimode fiber. In the case of Graded Index fibers with a parabolic refractive index profile, a meridional ray exhibits a sinusoidal path. When these fibers are tapered, the period of the propagated beam decrease down-taper and increase up-taper. We take advantage of this modulation -along with the enhanced overlap between the evanescent field and the external medium- to substantially increase the sensitivity of these devices by tuning the sensor's maximum sensitivity wavelength. Moreover, the extension of this device is reduced by one order of magnitude, making it more propitious for reduced space applications. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate the success and feasibility of this approach.The sensitivity of an optical fiber microsensor based on inter-modal interference can be considerably improved by tapering a short extension of the multimode fiber. In the case of Graded Index fibers with a parabolic refractive index profile, a meridional ray exhibits a sinusoidal path. When these fibers are tapered, the period of the propagated beam decrease down-taper and increase up-taper. We take advantage of this modulation -along with the enhanced overlap between the evanescent field and the external medium- to substantially increase the sensitivity of these devices by tuning the sensor's maximum sensitivity wavelength. Moreover, the extension of this device is reduced by one order of magnitude, making it more propitious for reduced space applications. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate the success and feasibility of this approach.22253043230441FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2011/01524-8Tam, H.Y., Liu, S.Y., Guan, B.O., Chung, W.H., Chan, T.H., Cheng, L.K., Fiber bragg grating sensors for structural and railway applications (2005) Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications II, 5634, pp. 85-97Villatoro, J., Monzón-Hernández, D., Mejía, E., Fabrication and modeling of uniform-waist single-mode tapered optical fiber sensors (2003) Appl. Opt., 42, pp. 2278-2283Kumar, A., Varshney, R.K., Sa, C., Sharma, P., Transmission characteristics of SMS fiber optic sensor structures (2003) Optics Communications, 219, pp. 215-219Tripathi, S.M., Kumar, A., Varshney, R.K., Kumar, Y.P., Marin, E., Meunier, J.-P., Strain and temperature sensing characteristics of single-mode-multimode-single-mode structures (2009) J. Lightwave Technol., 27, pp. 2348-2356Biazoli, C.R., Silva, S., Franco, M.A.R., Frazão, O., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Multimode interference tapered fiber refractive index sensors (2012) Appl. Opt., 51, pp. 5941-5945Beltrán-Mejía, F., Osório, J.H., Biazoli, C.R., Cordeiro, C.M.B., D-microfibers (2013) J. Lightwave Technol., 31, pp. 2756-2761Wang, P., Brambilla, G., Ding, M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., Investigation of single-mode-multimode-single-mode and single-mode-tapered-multimode-single-mode fiber structures and their application for refractive index sensing (2011) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 28, pp. 1180-1186Pillai, R.S., Lorenser, D., Sampson, D.D., Deep-tissue access with confocal fluorescence microendoscopy through hypodermic needles (2011) Opt. Express, 19, pp. 7213-7221Liu, Y., Wei, L., Low-cost high-sensitivity strain and temperature sensing using graded-index multimode fibers (2007) Appl. Opt., 46, pp. 2516-2519(2014) Comsol Multiphysics, , Burlington, MA, USA Version 4.4Ghatak, A., Thyagarajan, K., (1998) An Introduction to Fiber Optics, , Cambridge University Press, chap 9Shiraishi, K., Kuroo, S.-I., A new lensed-fiber configuration employing cascaded GI-fiber chips (2000) J. Lightwave Technol., 18, p. 787Guenther, R.D., (1990) Modern Optics, , Wiley, chap.9Kogelnik, H., On the propagation of gaussian beams of light through lenslike media including those with a loss or gain variation (1965) Appl. Opt, 4, pp. 1562-1569Birks, T., Li, Y., The shape of fiber tapers (1992) J. Lightwave Technol., 10, pp. 432-43

Molecular dynamics study of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether and nitrobenzene

The pure organic liquids nitrobenzene (NB) and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) have been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Both solvents are extremely important in various interfacial processes, mainly connected with ion transfer taking place across the interface with water. Thermodynamic (mass density, enthalpy of vaporization, isothermal compressibility, dipole moment) and dynamic (viscosities and self-diffusion coefficients) properties of both liquids have been calculated and are in very good agreement with the experimental data. In the case of NB, several potentials have been tested and the obtained results compared and discussed. In most cases, the OPLS all-atom potential gives results that are in better agreement with available experimental values. Atomic radial distribution functions, dihedral and angle distributions, as well as dipole-orientation correlation functions are used to probe the structure and interactions of the bulk molecules of both organic solvents. These were seen to be very similar in terms of structure and thermodynamics, but quite distinct in terms of dynamic behavior, with NPOE showing a much slower dynamic response than NB. A simulation study of the simple Cl- and K+ ions dissolved in both solvents has been also undertaken, revealing details about the diffusion and solvation mechanisms of these ions. It was found that in both liquids the positive potassium ion is solvated by the negative end of the molecular dipole, whereas the negative chloride ion is solvated by the positive end of the dipole

Molecular dynamics study of nitrobenzene and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether saturated with water

In this paper, results obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the water-saturated organic liquids nitrobenzene (NB) and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) are presented. Both solvents are extremely important in many areas of chemistry, and they are seen as the most promising successors of n-octanol for ion transfer studies at the liquid-liquid interface. Thermodynamic (mass density, enthalpy of vaporization), structural (radial distribution functions) and dynamic (diffusion coefficients) properties of both liquids have been calculated and compared with those obtained from MD simulations of the corresponding pure (water-free) organic liquids. The relatively polar nature of NB allows for an efficient incorporation of water into the organic liquid, minimizing the impact on the solvent structure and dynamics. NPOE exhibits added hydrophobicity due to the presence of along aliphatic chain, and this has an effect on its water solvation properties. Steric effects caused by these chains, together with the much slower dynamic response of the solvent, substantially hinder the motion of water and prevent interactions with other water molecules. The different behaviour of these solvents towards water provides a good means for studying the properties of these liquids at the interface with water

Efeito de jenipapo sobre o crescimento micelial do agente causal da Sigatoka amarela da bananeira.

A Sigatoka amarela da bananeira, causada por Mycosphaerella musicola / Pseudocercospora musae, é um dos mais graves problemas da bananicultura brasileira, provocando severas perdas na produção. O manejo convencional da doença requer a aplicação de fungicidas, ação incompatível com as normas do sistema de produção orgânica. A busca de alternativas de controle que sejam passíveis de uso na produção orgânica de banana passou a ser uma ação necessária, para viabilização desse sistema. Assim, neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do suco de jenipapo (Genipa americana) sobre o crescimento de M. musicola em meio de cultura. O teste foi realizado mediante adição, ao meio de cultura BDA, do suco do genipapo em diferentes concentrações: testemunha (0%); 2%; 4%; B%; 16% e 32% de suco, em substituição ao volume de água. O fungo foi inoculado ao meio via suspensão de fragmentos de micélio, seguindo-se a incubação a 25°C e luz constante por 10 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que o produto paralisou totalmente o crescimento de M. musicola a partir da concentração de 16%, demonstrando alto potencial para utilização no controle da Sigatoka amarela

FINITE SIZE SCALING FOR FIRST ORDER TRANSITIONS: POTTS MODEL

The finite-size scaling algorithm based on bulk and surface renormalization of de Oliveira (1992) is tested on q-state Potts models in dimensions D = 2 and 3. Our Monte Carlo data clearly distinguish between first- and second-order phase transitions. Continuous-q analytic calculations performed for small lattices show a clear tendency of the magnetic exponent Y = D - beta/nu to reach a plateau for increasing values of q, which is consistent with the first-order transition value Y = D. Monte Carlo data confirm this trend.Comment: 5 pages, plain tex, 5 EPS figures, in file POTTS.UU (uufiles