CONSIDERAÇÃO DAS CORRELAÇÕES ESPACIAIS ENTRE OS REGIMES DE VENTOS NA GERAÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA EÓLICA – APLICAÇÃO AO FLUXO DE POTÊNCIA PROBABILÍSTICO

Segundo uma tendência mundial, verifica-se no Brasil uma participação já elevada e crescente da energia eólica, o que requer o aprimoramento das ferramentas computacionais que suportam os processos de tomada de decisão na operação e no planejamento de sistemas elétricos. O presente trabalho descreve uma metodologia para a modelagem das correlações espaciais entre os regimes de vento no problema de fluxo de potência probabilístico. A metodologia proposta se baseia na transformação de Nataf, na Simulação de Monte Carlo e na estimação não paramétrica de densidades de probabilidades condicionais entre a velocidade do vento e a potência eólica. A efetividade da metodologia é ilustrada por meio de estudos de caso com o Sistema Teste IEEE 118 barras e com uma configuração do sistema elétrico do Nordeste brasileiro com 965 barras

Modeling the critical safety functions status tree of NPP using FPGA

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based systems and equipment are beginning to appear in new plants I&C applications, as well as in retrofits for operating plants, in particular for safety applications due to their capability to face the systems obsolescence since they are circuit independent. The circuits implemented can be portable to different FPGAs architectures. Moreover, they reduce complexity for regulatory approval as compared to conventional microprocessor-based systems. Critical safety function (CSF) is the most significant design concept for prioritize operator actions for NPP based on the potential threat to the three barriers (fuel cladding, primary coolant system boundary, and containment) and allows the operator to respond to these threats prior to event diagnosis. CSF has a hierarchical information structure that organizes the system variables affecting the plant safety in terms of goal-means relations. This paper describes the application of FPGA in the implementation of the CSFs status tree logic for a Westinghouse 3-loops NPP simulator

Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review

COPD; Comorbidity; MortalityEPOC; comorbilidad; MortalidadMPOC; Comorbilitat; MortalitatThis study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their relation with relevant outcomes. A systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology was performed from January 2020 until July 2021. The MEDLINE, Lilacs, and Scielo databases were searched to identify studies related to COPD and its comorbidities. Observational studies on the prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients and costs with health estimates, reduced quality of life, and mortality were included. Studies that were restricted to one or more COPD pain assessments and only specific comorbidities such as osteoporosis, bronchitis, and asthma were excluded. The initial search identified 1,409 studies and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were finally selected for analysis (comprising data from 447,459 COPD subjects). The most frequent COPD comorbidities were: hypertension (range, 17%-64.7%), coronary artery disease (19.9%-47.8%), diabetes (10.2%-45%), osteoarthritis (18%-43.8%), psychiatric conditions (12.1%-33%), and asthma (14.7%-32.5%). Several comorbidities had an impact on the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations, quality of life, and mortality risk, in particular malignancies, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are frequent in COPD patients, and some of them are associated with higher mortality.University of Bahi

Effects of Different Irrigation Solutions on Root Fracture Resistance: An in Vitro Study

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP), also known as etidronate, on susceptibility to root fracture resistance (RFR) in human teeth subjected to endodontic preparation. Methods and Materials: Seventy extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected, endodontically prepared using the ProTaper Next rotary system (PTN, Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and then randomly divided according to the following irrigation regimes (n=10): G1, saline solution (0.9% NaCl); G2, 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; G3, 2% CHX gel + 17% EDTA; and G4, a mixture of 5% NaOCl + 18% HEBP. After this step, all samples received a final irrigation with distilled water. The samples were subjected to axial forces by mechanical compression testing in a universal testing machine (Dynamometers KRATOS, LTDA, SP, Brazil). Data analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and a subsequent multiple comparison test (Tukey’s test). Results: The results indicated that G1 (0.9% NaCl) presented greater resistance to root fracture. No significant differences were observed in G2 (2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA) and G3 (2% CHX gel + 17% EDTA). A significant difference was identified in G4 (mixture of 5% NaOCl + 18% HEBP) (P<0.05). Conclusion: A mixture of 5% NaOCl + 18% HEBP resulted in a lower fracture resistance when used to irrigate canals during endodontic instrumentation.Keywords: Chlorhexidine; EDTA; Etidronic Acid; Root Canal Irrigant; Sodium Hypochlorit

O PAPEL DA ENFERMAGEM NOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS A PACIENTES ONCOLOGICOS: Uma breve revisão

ABSTRACT Palliative care is assistance provided to patients without a therapeutic option that provides a cure, predicting as the main target the quality of life, well-being for this public and nursing has a fundamental role in this part, clarifying doubts and supporting the family and the patient in your decision making. The study aims to highlight the importance of nursing care in assisting terminal clients. The present research, it is a review of the integrative type of qualitative character. Comprehensive health care in palliative care goes far beyond care assistance, focusing only on the patient or on the disease that compromised them, but in general, especially those who are domiciled, there is a greater involvement of the family, the care provided in their precinct should consider in the well-being of the patient and indirectly in the family. We conclude that nurses provide palliative care are some of the most complex forms of professional care, as their care must be above all ethical and humane, with respect, following as much as possible the dignity principles to preserve the patient and family in this critical phase that are passing those involved.Resumen Los cuidados paliativos son la asistencia que se brinda a los pacientes sin opción terapéutica que les brinde una cura, prediciendo como objetivo principal la calidad de vida, el bienestar de este público y la enfermería tiene un papel fundamental en esta parte, aclarando dudas y apoyando a la familia y al paciente en la toma de decisiones. El estudio tiene como objetivo resaltar la importancia de la atención de enfermería en la asistencia a los clientes terminales. La presente investigación, es una revisión del tipo integrador de carácter cualitativo. La atención integral de salud en cuidados paliativos va mucho más allá de la asistencia asistencial, enfocándose solo en el paciente o en la enfermedad que lo comprometió, pero en general, especialmente aquellos que están domiciliados, hay una mayor participación de la familia, los cuidados brindados en su recinto. debe tener en cuenta en el bienestar del paciente e indirectamente en la familia. Concluimos que los enfermeros brindar cuidados paliativos son una de las formas más complejas de cuidado profesional, ya que su cuidado debe ser ante todo ético y humano, con respeto, siguiendo en la mayor medida posible los principios de dignidad para preservar al paciente y su familia en esta fase crítica. que están pasando los involucrados.Resumo Os cuidados paliativos é uma assistência prestada em pacientes sem opção terapêutica que lhe proporcione a cura, prever como principal alvo a qualidade de vida, bem-estar para esse público e a enfermagem tem papel fundamental nessa parte esclarecendo duvidas e apoiando a família e o paciente em sua tomada de decisão estudo visa destacar a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem em atendimento ao cliente terminal. A presente pesquisa, trata-se de uma revisão do tipo integrativa de caráter qualitativo. A assistência integral a saúde em cuidados paliativos vai muito além do cuidado assistências, focando somente no paciente ou na doença que lhe comprometeu, mas no geral, principalmente os que estão domiciliados existe um envolvimento maior da família, a assistência prestada no seu recinto deve pensar no bem-estar do paciente e de uma forma indireta na família. Concluímos que os enfermeiros prestam cuidados paliativos são algumas das formas mais complexas do atendimento dos profissionais, pois seu cuidado deve ser acima de tudo ético e humanizado, com respeito, seguindo ao máximo os princípios dignidade para preservação do paciente e da família nessa fase crítica que estão passando os envolvidos.Resumo Os cuidados paliativos são um cuidado prestado em doentes sem opção terapêutica que proporciona cura, preveja como alvo principal a qualidade de vida, o bem-estar para este público e a enfermagem desempenha um papel fundamental nesta parte, esclarecendo dúvidas e apoiando a família e o doente no seu estudo de tomada de decisão visa destacar a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem no atendimento ao cliente terminal.Esta investigação é uma revisão qualitativa do tipo integrativo. Os cuidados de saúde abrangentes nos cuidados paliativos vão muito além dos cuidados prestados, concentrando-se apenas no paciente ou na doença que o comprometeu, mas em geral, especialmente aqueles que estão domiciliados há um maior envolvimento da família, os cuidados prestados no seu recinto devem pensar no bem-estar do paciente e indiretamente na família. Concluímos que os enfermeiros prestam cuidados paliativos são algumas das formas mais complexas de atendimento aos profissionais, porque os seus cuidados devem ser acima de tudo éticos e humanizados, com respeito, seguindo ao máximo os princípios de dignidade para a preservação do doente e da família nesta fase crítica que estão a passar pelos envolvidos

Beyond trees: Mapping total aboveground biomass density in the Brazilian savanna using high-density UAV-lidar data

Tropical savanna ecosystems play a major role in the seasonality of the global carbon cycle. However, their ability to store and sequester carbon is uncertain due to combined and intermingling effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change, which impact wildfire regimes and vegetation dynamics. Accurate measurements of tropical savanna vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) over broad spatial scales are crucial to achieve effective carbon emission mitigation strategies. UAV-lidar is a new remote sensing technology that can enable rapid 3-D mapping of structure and related AGB in tropical savanna ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the capability of high-density UAV-lidar to estimate and map total (tree, shrubs, and surface layers) aboveground biomass density (AGBt) in the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado). Five ordinary least square regression models esti-mating AGBt were adjusted using 50 field sample plots (30 m × 30 m). The best model was selected under Akaike Information Criterion, adjusted coefficient of determination (adj.R2), absolute and relative root mean square error (RMSE), and used to map AGBt from UAV-lidar data collected over 1,854 ha spanning the three major vegetation formations (forest, savanna, and grassland) in Cerrado. The model using vegetation height and cover was the most effective, with an overall model adj-R2 of 0.79 and a leave-one-out cross-validated RMSE of 19.11 Mg/ha (33.40%). The uncertainty and errors of our estimations were assessed for each vegetation formation separately, resulting in RMSEs of 27.08 Mg/ha (25.99%) for forests, 17.76 Mg/ha (43.96%) for savannas, and 7.72 Mg/ha (44.92%) for grasslands. These results prove the feasibility and potential of the UAV-lidar technology in Cerrado but also emphasize the need for further developing the estimation of biomass in grasslands, of high importance in the characterization of the global carbon balance and for supporting integrated fire management activities in tropical savanna ecosystems. Our results serve as a benchmark for future studies aiming to generate accurate biomass maps and provide baseline data for efficient management of fire and predicted climate change impacts on tropical savanna ecosystems