Characterizing Electric Grid System Benefits of MPC-Based Residential Load Shaping

Routinely encouraging and discouraging residential electric load throughout the day will be increasingly crit-ical in efficiently managing the smart grid to reliably de-liver clean, low-cost electricity. Yet, manipulating the duty cycles of thermostatically controlled loads such as heating, air conditioning, and hot water heaters can have the effect of destabilizing or stabilizing the grid. This work explores the potential for price-responsive control of residential air conditioning to shape electric demand at the distribution feeder level to minimize electricity production costs. Physical models of the interplay be-tween building thermal and electric loads are used to simulate time-series temperature and load behaviour. In-stantaneous load-adding and load-shedding opportuni-ties are quantified in more than 100,000 individual homes on 204 distribution feeders with results presented for 35 cities across the United States. In the context of distributed model predictive control, simulation of feeder-level response to a residential day-ahead 5-mi-nute pricing vector to 2,146 homes highlights an aggre-gate impact of flexible loads.</p

Estimating the value of jointly optimized electric power generation and end use: a study of ISO-scale load shaping applied to the residential building stock

A generation-to-load simulation estimated the impact, in terms of production costs and CO2 emissions, attributable to the joint optimization of electric power generation and flexible end uses to support increasing penetrations of renewable energy. Newly conceived, evaluated, and foundational in developing a U.S. National Standard was a transaction-less yet continuous demand response system based on a day-ahead optimum load shape (OLS) designed to encourage Internet-connected devices to autonomously and voluntarily explore options to favour lowest cost generators &ndash; without requiring two-way communications, personally identifiable information, or customer opt-in. Boundary conditions used for model calibration included historical weather, residential building stock construction attributes, home appliance and device empirical operating schedules, prototypical power distribution feeder models, thermal generator heat rates, startup and ramping constraints, and fuel costs. Results of an hourly-based annual case study of Texas indicate a 1/3 reduction in production costs and a 1/5 reduction in CO2 emissions are possible.</p

Coherence and transparency: some advice for qualitative researchers

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Brazilian Association of Production Engineering (ABEPRO) under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/There is relatively little advice in the Engineering domain for undertaking qualitative studies. Researchers have to rely on generic guidance that may result in imprecise application of qualitative methods. A related discipline to Engineering is Information Systems (IS) and the experiences of the IS domain may provide some useful insights for undertaking qualitative studies. This paper synthesizes the guidance from the IS community for crafting high quality qualitative studies and manuscripts. It reports on five themes: i) Establishing philosophical underpinnings; ii) Clarifying theoretical aims; iii) Selecting qualitative methods; iv) Demonstrating rigour in qualitative data analysis; and v) Grappling with generalisation. The review stresses the importance of coherence and transparency for crafting qualitative research manuscripts and provides a list of reflective questions for qualitative research design

Recommendations for Addressing Priority Io Science in the Next Decade

Io is a priority destination for solar system exploration. The scope and importance of science questions at Io necessitates a broad portfolio of research and analysis, telescopic observations, and planetary missions - including a dedicated New Frontiers class Io mission

The Science Case for Io Exploration

Io is a priority destination for solar system exploration, as it is the best natural laboratory to study the intertwined processes of tidal heating, extreme volcanism, and atmosphere-magnetosphere interactions. Io exploration is relevant to understanding terrestrial worlds (including the early Earth), ocean worlds, and exoplanets across the cosmos

Numerical methods for multi-scale cell migration models

We study a multi-scale model for growth of malignant gliomas in the human brain. Interactions of individual glioma cells with their environment determine the gross tumor shape. We connect models on different time and length scales to derive a practical description of tumor growth that takes these microscopic interactions into account. From a simple subcellular model for haptotactic interactions of glioma cells with the white matter we derive a microscopic particle system, which leads to a meso-scale model for the distribution of particles, and finally to a macroscopic description of the cell density. The main body of this work is dedicated to the development and study of numerical methods adequate for the meso-scale transport model and its transition to the macroscopic limit.Wir betrachten ein Modell für das Wachstum bösartiger Gliome im menschlichen Gehirn. Die Form des gesamten Tumors ist eine direkte Folge von Interaktionen einzelner Krebszellen mit ihrer Umgebung. Indem wir Modelle auf verschiedenen Zeit und Längenskalen miteinander verknüpfen erhalten wir eine praktische Beschreibung des Tumorwachstums, die diese mikroskopischen Interaktionen berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von einem einfachen Modell für die Interaktionen zwischen Gliomenzellen und der weißen Materie stellen wir zuerst ein mikroskopisches Partikelsystem auf, aus dem wir eine Transportgleichung für die Zellverteilung auf der Mesoskala, und schließlich eine makroskopische Beschreibung der Zelldichte herleiten. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit entwickeln und analysieren wir geeignete numerische Methoden für das Transportmodell für Gliomenausbreitung und den Übergang zu dessen makroskopischen Grenzwert

Numerical methods for multi-scale cell migration models

We study a multi-scale model for growth of malignant gliomas in the human brain. Interactions of individual glioma cells with their environment determine the gross tumor shape. We connect models on different time and length scales to derive a practical description of tumor growth that takes these microscopic interactions into account. From a simple subcellular model for haptotactic interactions of glioma cells with the white matter we derive a microscopic particle system, which leads to a meso-scale model for the distribution of particles, and finally to a macroscopic description of the cell density. The main body of this work is dedicated to the development and study of numerical methods adequate for the meso-scale transport model and its transition to the macroscopic limit.Wir betrachten ein Modell für das Wachstum bösartiger Gliome im menschlichen Gehirn. Die Form des gesamten Tumors ist eine direkte Folge von Interaktionen einzelner Krebszellen mit ihrer Umgebung. Indem wir Modelle auf verschiedenen Zeit und Längenskalen miteinander verknüpfen erhalten wir eine praktische Beschreibung des Tumorwachstums, die diese mikroskopischen Interaktionen berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von einem einfachen Modell für die Interaktionen zwischen Gliomenzellen und der weißen Materie stellen wir zuerst ein mikroskopisches Partikelsystem auf, aus dem wir eine Transportgleichung für die Zellverteilung auf der Mesoskala, und schließlich eine makroskopische Beschreibung der Zelldichte herleiten. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit entwickeln und analysieren wir geeignete numerische Methoden für das Transportmodell für Gliomenausbreitung und den Übergang zu dessen makroskopischen Grenzwert

Hands-on Practical Hybrid Parallel Application Performance Engineering

This tutorial presents state-of-the-art performance tools for leading-edge HPC systems founded on the community-developed Score-P instrumentation and measurement infrastructure, demonstrating how they can be used for performance engineering of effective scientific applications based on standard MPI, OpenMP, hybrid combination of both, and increasingly common usage of accelerators. Parallel performance tools from the Virtual Institute – High Productivity Supercomputing (VI-HPS) are introduced and featured in hands-on exercises with Score-P, Scalasca, Vampir, and TAU. We present the complete workflow of performance engineering, including instrumentation, measurement (profiling and tracing, timing and PAPI hardware counters), data storage, analysis, tuning, and visualization. Emphasis is placed on how tools are used in combination for identifying performance problems and investigating optimization alternatives. Using their own notebook computers, participants will conduct exercises on a contemporary HPC system where remote access will be provided for the hands-on sessions through AWS running an E4S [http://e4s.io] image containing all of the necessary tools. This will help to prepare participants to locate and diagnose performance bottlenecks in their own parallel programs