implantação de um programa de enriquecimento ambiental para cachorro-vinagre (speothos venaticus) na fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.Enriquecimento ambiental é definido como o tratamento dado aos animais em cativeiro visando melhorar seu bem-estar, ao identificar e fornecer estímulos necessários para o bem-estar fisiológico e psicológico, aumentando a complexidade do recinto, e dando a oportunidade de expressão de comportamentos típicos da espécie. O cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus Lund, 1842) é um canídeo que possui membranas interdigitais que o torna apto para a natação. Apresenta hábitos preferencialmente diurnos. Vivem em grupos, caçando cooperativamente, e tem uma dieta estritamente carnívora. Foram oferecidos diferentes itens de enriquecimento a dois cachorros-vinagre machos, nascidos e mantidos em cativeiro. Uma observação piloto foi feita para descrever o repertório de comportamentos basais dos animais e elaboração de um etograma. O restante das observações foi dividido em 3 etapas: a etapa 1 foi a observação dos comportamentos antes da colocação dos enriquecimentos, com duração de 30h; a etapa 2 foi para aplicação dos enriquecimentos (banana com sangue, moranga com carne, odores, picolé e tubo de PVC), com duração de 64h; e a etapa 3 foi a observação dos comportamentos após a colocação dos enriquecimentos, com duração de 30h. A aplicação dos enriquecimentos resultou na diminuição de comportamentos agitados dos animais, redução do tempo ocioso e aumento do forrageio. Além disso, os animais começaram a cavar pelo recinto, aumentando a diversidade de comportamento. Demonstra-se, assim, que itens de enriquecimento simples e de baixo custo podem ajudar a aumentar o bem estar animal

Wild capuchin monkeys adjust stone tools according to changing nut properties

Animals foraging in their natural environments need to be proficient at recognizing and responding to changes in food targets that affect accessibility or pose a risk. Wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) use stone tools to access a variety of nut species, including otherwise inaccessible foods. This study tests whether wild capuchins from Serra da Capivara National Park in Brazil adjust their tool selection when processing cashew (Anacardium spp.) nuts. During the ripening process of cashew nuts, the amount of caustic defensive substance in the nut mesocarp decreases. We conducted field experiments to test whether capuchins adapt their stone hammer selection to changing properties of the target nut, using stones of different weights and two maturation stages of cashew nuts. The results show that although fresh nuts are easier to crack, capuchin monkeys used larger stone tools to open them, which may help the monkeys avoid contact with the caustic hazard in fresh nuts. We demonstrate that capuchin monkeys are actively able to distinguish between the maturation stages within one nut species, and to adapt their foraging behaviour accordingly

Cytocompatibility studies of vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Raw material and functionalized by oxygen plasma

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)It was presented a strong difference on cell adhesion and proliferation of functionalized vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (VACNT) scaffolds compared to raw-VACNT. Biocompatibility in vitro tests were performed on raw-VACNT after superficial modification by oxygen plasma, which changes its superhydrophobic character to superhydrophilic. Two cytocompatibility tests were applied: 1) total lactate dehydrogenase colorimetric assay for the study of proliferating cells; and 2) cellular adhesion by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that superhydrophilic VACNT scaffolds stimulate cell growth with proliferation up to 70% higher than normal growth of cell culture. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.324648652Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e DesenvolvimentoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2008/11642-5, 07/00013-4

An evaluation of cell proliferation and adhesion on vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube films

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOBiocompatibility tests were performed on vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films produced by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on titanium substrates with iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) as catalysts. The cell adhesion and morphology of L-929 mouse fibroblast cells were studied by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, after up to 7 days incubation periods. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by two "in vitro" tests: (1) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and (2) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Low level of bioavailable Fe and Ni was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Neither functionalization nor purification of MWCNT films was necessary to obtain good response to the biocompatibility tests. Efficient cell growth and non-toxicity suggest the use MWCNTs in tissue regeneration. The MWCNT films stimulated the cell growth, showing a proliferation 20% higher than on Ti481245254FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP [08/116425, 07/00013-4]08/116425; 07/00013-

Fast Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Superhydrophilic Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites for Bioactive Application

A method for the electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite films on superhydrophilic vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes is presented. The formation of a thin homogeneous film with high crystallinity was observed without any thermal treatment and with bioactivity properties that accelerate the in vitro biomineralization process and osteoblast adhesion.2623183081831

Cytotoxicity analysis of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes by colorimetric assays

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)A new methodology to evaluate the acute cytotoxicity of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (VACNT) scaffolds was presented. A comparison between three different colorimetric assays was performed: (i) lactate dehydrogenase,(ii)2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, and (iii) neutral red. The results confirmed that a simple removing of VACNT scaffolds from the cell culture before the colorimetric assays, is necessary to obtain a high level of cell viability. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.15921-2221652166Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2008/11642-5

Biocompatibility Differences Between Dispersed And Vertically-aligned Carbon Nanotubes: An In Vitro Assays Review

An overview about carbon nanotube (CNT) production and quality parameters will be presented, as well a review of current literature about "in vitro"assays commonly used to evaluate the biocompatibility of CNT. The limits of colorimetric assays for CNTs evaluation will be discussed, using comparisons between dispersed CNT and CNT arrays. The influence of nanotopography and wettability of CNT scaffolds for cell adhesion will be shown. Studies carried out in our laboratories with vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) will also be presented. We have shown the interaction among CNT (VACNT) and four cell lines: mouse fibroblasts (L-929), mouse embryo fibroblast (C57/BL6) with or without green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human osteoblast (SaOS-2). The biocompatibility tests were performed with in vitro tests on raw-VACNT and after superficial modification by O2 plasma, which changes its hydrophobic character. The non-toxicity, cell viability, proliferation and cell adhesion were evaluated by: (i) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thioazoly)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; (ii) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay; (iii) neutral red (NR) assay; (iv) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and fluorescence microscopy. The influence of catalyst type, VACNT density and superficial modification were evaluated by morphological, structural and superficial techniques: SEM, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, contact angle (CA) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). High cell viability, exceptional cell adhesion and preference were achieved. © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 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