Post-COVID central hypersomnia, a treatable trait in long COVID: 4 case reports

IntroductionFatigue is the most commonly reported post-COVID symptom. A minority of patients also report excessive daytime sleepiness, which could be a target for treatment.MethodsAmong 530 patients with a post-COVID condition, those with excessive daytime sleepiness were systematically assessed for objective central hypersomnia, with exclusion of all cases not clearly attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsFour cases of post-COVID central hypersomnia were identified, three fulfilling the criteria of the 3rd International Classification of Sleep Disorders for idiopathic hypersomnia, and one for type II narcolepsy. We report here their clinical history, sleep examination data and treatment, with a favorable response to methylphenidate in three cases and spontaneous resolution in one case.ConclusionWe highlight the importance of identifying cases of post-COVID central hypersomnia, as it may be a treatable trait of a post-COVID condition

Addressing resistance to human rights in human rights education : The case of Indonesia

Human rights are far from undisputed and far too often tensions and disagreements arise when human rights and their universal nature are taught to audiences in local contexts. This study analyses the way resistance to human rights is addressed in human rights education in Indonesia through answering the two following questions: First, how does resistance to human rights manifest itself in human rights education activities? Second, what do human rights educators do to counteract the various forms of resistance to human rights? This study is based on a qualitative approach and consists in observations, semi-structured interviews with experts involved in human rights education in Indonesia and in Geneva, as well as literature. Findings show that resistance is rather widespread and confirm its categorisation into three main types of resistance: the perception that human rights is a Western and imposed concept; that human rights is a threat to religion; and that human rights unduly emphasise on rights to the detriment of obligations of individuals. Five categories of concrete techniques or responses by educators have been identified: presenting human rights as an international or national concept depending on the type of audience and resistance; presenting human rights as a legal or religious concept depending on the type of audience and resistance; adopting techniques to explain the concept of state obligations to an audience emphasising the obligations of individuals; adopting techniques to address sensitive issues; and adapting the teaching method to the type of audience and resistance. While certain interesting techniques have been reported, there is however limited awareness and response to the serious challenges raised by this resistance. This study calls on human rights scholars and educators to consider this so far neglected issue and reflect on measures to better understand and address resistance to human rights in human rights education

Role of tissue structure in photon migration through breast tissues

Photon migration has been investigated experimentally in vitro on human breast tissues, bovine liver, tissue phantoms, and theoretically by Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion theory. The spatial intensity profiles have been measured at the output surface of a sample illuminated by a collimated beam. Experimental results have then been compared with simulations that assume the sample to be homogeneous. Measurements on phantoms, i.e., fat emulsion and microspheres suspension, and on liver are in good agreement with theory. On the other hand, the width of the intensity profiles measured on breast tissues (adipose and fibrous) are systematically larger than those measured on phantoms or calculated by simulations. The structure of these samples, not considered in simulations and not present in phantoms, explains these differences

GDC Buffer Layer Synthesized by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering: Effect of Total Pressure and Thickness on SOFC Performances

International audienceGadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) buffer layers were synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering under different total pressures and different thickness. All as-deposited and after an annealing treatment during two hours under air at 1000°C coating presents a face centered cubic (f.c.c) structure of ceria with dense and adhesive morphology. The cell synthesized under 0.1 Pa and 0.57 µm present the best performances. (open-circuit voltage (OCV): 1.133 eV and power density: 1650 mW.cm-² @ 800 mA.cm-² at 790°C)