Redesigning design education: the next Bauhaus?

This chapter, following an invitation to deliver a keynote address at the inaugural ICSID Educational Seminar 2001 Seongnam, Korea, examines the theme of emerging service design thinking for education. This was also the subject of Young’s collaborative student learning project; ‘Review of a Design Practice Learning Project to Pilot Heightened Social Responsibility and Engagement,’ (with Hilton K). This was presented at EAD, Barcelona in 2003, and further developed in keynote addresses by Young at International Service Design Northumbria conference (ISDn1) at the Sage, Gateshead, March 2006 and ISDn2 at the Centre for Life, Newcastle, November 2006. The subject of new design paradigms and emerging methods is now a co-sponsored PhD between the Design Council and Northumbria’s CfDR (Young & Siodmok supervisors – research funding £32k to support the studentship). This includes a review of the Dott 07 public commission projects. Young’s service design research led to a commission with the ONE NorthEast; Design Innovation Education Centre project in 2003, to develop service design expertise and resources within NE England. Also, to join the AHRC/EPSRC Designing for the 21st Century project; Service Design for Science and Technology SMEs, 2006, based in SAID Business School, Oxford University. Practice-based research using service design methods were deployed to improve the experience of patients of the NHS; this led to Dott 07 sponsoring the Design and Sexual Health project developed by Young with Gateshead PCT and the Strategic Health Authority. Related Northumbria-funded PhD student Lauren Tan working on the future development of design thinking in area of service design and linking to Dott07

Selected aspects of the current management of myositis

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a rare and heterogeneous group of acquired autoimmune muscle disorders, often referred to as ‘myositis’. Clinical assessment, together with muscle biopsy findings and autoantibody status are key factors to consider when making a diagnosis of IIM, and in stratification of the ‘IIM spectrum’ into disease subgroups. Treatment stratified according to serotype (and in the future, likely also genotype) is increasingly being used to take account of the heterogeneity within the IIM spectrum. Subgroup classification is also important in terms of monitoring for complications, such as malignancy and interstitial lung disease. Disease monitoring should include the use of standardized tools such as the IMACS disease activity outcome measures. Other tools such as muscle MRI can be useful in identifying areas of active muscle inflammation. Treatment outcomes in IIM remain unsatisfactory. The evidence base to guide treatment decisions is remarkably limited. In addition to muscle inflammation, a number of noninflammatory cell-mediated mechanisms may contribute to weakness and disability, and for which no specific treatments are currently available. </jats:p

Environmental Quenching of Low-Mass Field Galaxies

In the local Universe, there is a strong division in the star-forming properties of low-mass galaxies, with star formation largely ubiquitous amongst the field population while satellite systems are predominantly quenched. This dichotomy implies that environmental processes play the dominant role in suppressing star formation within this low-mass regime (${M}_{\star} \sim 10^{5.5-8}~{\rm M}_{\odot}$). As shown by observations of the Local Volume, however, there is a non-negligible population of passive systems in the field, which challenges our understanding of quenching at low masses. By applying the satellite quenching models of Fillingham et al. (2015) to subhalo populations in the Exploring the Local Volume In Simulations (ELVIS) suite, we investigate the role of environmental processes in quenching star formation within the nearby field. Using model parameters that reproduce the satellite quenched fraction in the Local Group, we predict a quenched fraction -- due solely to environmental effects -- of $\sim 0.52 \pm 0.26$ within $1< R/R_{\rm vir} < 2$ of the Milky Way and M31. This is in good agreement with current observations of the Local Volume and suggests that the majority of the passive field systems observed at these distances are quenched via environmental mechanisms. Beyond $2~R_{\rm vir}$, however, dwarf galaxy quenching becomes difficult to explain through an interaction with either the Milky Way or M31, such that more isolated, field dwarfs may be self-quenched as a result of star-formation feedback.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS accepted version, comments welcome - RIP Ducky...gone but never forgotte

Taking Care of Business in a Flash: Constraining the Timescale for Low-Mass Satellite Quenching with ELVIS

The vast majority of dwarf satellites orbiting the Milky Way and M31 are quenched, while comparable galaxies in the field are gas-rich and star-forming. Assuming that this dichotomy is driven by environmental quenching, we use the ELVIS suite of N-body simulations to constrain the characteristic timescale upon which satellites must quench following infall into the virial volumes of their hosts. The high satellite quenched fraction observed in the Local Group demands an extremely short quenching timescale (~ 2 Gyr) for dwarf satellites in the mass range Mstar ~ 10^6-10^8 Msun. This quenching timescale is significantly shorter than that required to explain the quenched fraction of more massive satellites (~ 8 Gyr), both in the Local Group and in more massive host halos, suggesting a dramatic change in the dominant satellite quenching mechanism at Mstar < 10^8 Msun. Combining our work with the results of complementary analyses in the literature, we conclude that the suppression of star formation in massive satellites (Mstar ~ 10^8 - 10^11 Msun) is broadly consistent with being driven by starvation, such that the satellite quenching timescale corresponds to the cold gas depletion time. Below a critical stellar mass scale of ~ 10^8 Msun, however, the required quenching times are much shorter than the expected cold gas depletion times. Instead, quenching must act on a timescale comparable to the dynamical time of the host halo. We posit that ram-pressure stripping can naturally explain this behavior, with the critical mass (of Mstar ~ 10^8 Msun) corresponding to halos with gravitational restoring forces that are too weak to overcome the drag force encountered when moving through an extended, hot circumgalactic medium.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures; resubmitted to MNRAS after referee report (August 25, 2015

A3_1 Simple Harmonic Rex

Artistic licence often tests fundamental physical laws in contemporary cinema, allowing for unrealistic yet creative scenes. Nevertheless, these improbable scenarios can be valuable exercises in applying our physical knowledge to unique situations. From the 1999 movie Toy Story 2, we calculated the spring constant of Slinky the Dog's spring and the friction coefficient between his paws and the rooftop he was standing on. The value for the spring constant was found to vary between 9.04 N/m and 2.63 N/m and the friction coefficient was found to vary between 1.69 and 4.90. These are then compared to typically used values to assess the scenario's plausibility

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Graphite-Epoxy Composite Gravity-Gradient Boom for a Small Satellite

Passive stabilization methods for satellites have undergone extensive research and development. Recently the number of small satellites (satellites less than 100 kg.) has increased dramatically. This has lead to increased use of passive stabilization methods, such as gravity-gradient. The core of a gravity-gradient stabilization system is a deployable boom with a damping mechanism. Traditionally, this boom is constructed from metal alloys. Uneven heating and cooling occurs when these alloys are exposed to varying solar radiation conditions. This can induce thermal vibrations which can lead to undesired satellite attitude inversions. Graphite-epoxy composites can be fabricated to minimize thermal expansion. This will be beneficial when applied to gravity-gradient booms. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the use of graphite-epoxy composites in gravity-gradient booms. This project encompasses: the use of a satellite attitude simulation program for boom sizing and determination of gravity-gradient boom loading, development of joint-locking mechanisms for boom deployment, and selection and testing of appropriate fabrication methods

A3_2 It's Snow Problem

Falling into a pile of snow can sometimes feel like falling into a cold, wet and slightly uncomfortable cushion. Although it may not be the most enjoyable way to break a fall, the fact remains that snow can dampen the force you experience and subsequently make the fall less painful (but unfortunately, no less embarrassing). In this article we calculate how much snow it would take to make a deadly fall, survivable. For a 70kg body falling at terminal velocity, the height of snow required to reduce the deceleration to a survivable 10 g was found to be 17.8 m

A3_4 King of the Swingers

The idea of swinging on a vine as a means of travel within a jungle is one that has been used in a variety of contexts; while the physical act may be difficult to do, modelling the action and calculating some value for the average horizontal ground velocity can be done with relative ease. Within films and books it has been used for many years; the chase scene from the movie 'Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull' is one such film. From investigating this scene the average horizontal ground velocity of Shia la Beouf is found to be 15.3 ms^-1