Relationship between social anxiety and perceived trustworthiness

Background and Objectives: Given that the correct interpretation of emotional facial expressions is an essential social skill, it has been repeatedly tested if socially anxious persons show an interpretational bias for emotional faces. Studies examining interpretational biases have revealed inconsistent findings, resulting in four possible bias patterns. However, the assessment may have been hampered by employing more general ratings that arguably are less able to reflect processing of social information. We examined the relationship between social anxiety and face ratings for perceived trustworthiness given that trustworthiness is an inherently socially relevant construct. Improving on earlier analytical strategies, we directly evaluated the four bias patterns using a Bayesian approach to test informative hypotheses. Method: Ninety-eight undergraduates rated 198 face stimuli on perceived trustworthiness and intelligence, the latter serving as a control condition. Subsequently, participants completed a set of questionnaires. Results: It was three times more likely that social anxiety does not influence trustworthiness judgments than assuming any kind of negative interpretation bias in social anxiety. Also, this independence model reached the best fit for perceived intelligence, indicating that social anxiety does not have a prominent influence on intelligence ratings. Limitations: Since we did not assess the participant’s diagnostic status, we cannot generalize our findings to clinical levels of social anxiety. Conclusions: We conclude that the deviant interpretation of facial characteristics is not a relevant aspect in social anxiety

Total Communication or the Picture Exchange Communication System? Increasing the Vocabulary Growth of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

This study had two main purposes. The first purpose was to determine which communicative treatment approach: Total Communication (TC) or the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) was more effective in increasing the vocabulary growth of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The second purpose of this study was to determine which approach was preferred by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to increase vocabulary growth. In order to address the first research question for this study, two preschool age (3-5 year old) children enrolled in speech-language therapy at the University of Mississippi Speech and Hearing Center were selected as participants. In order to address the second research question for this study, 25 experienced SLPs were selected as participants. Due to the fact this was a small case study carried out with only two participants, it was unclear as to which approach was the most effective for increasing vocabulary growth. However, results showed an increase in initiated conversation for both participants with a greater increase using the TC approach. The results from the questionnaire, on the other hand, indicated that the SLP respondents believed the PECS approach to be more effective in increasing vocabulary growth of children with ASD than the TC approach

Pregnancy outcome following prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomaly: a record linkage study of 26,261 pregnancies

Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of changes in the age at which women give birth, and of developments in prenatal screening and diagnosis on the number of pregnancies diagnosed and terminated with chromosomal anomalies. However, we are unaware of any population studies examining pregnancy terminations after diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies that has included all aneuploidies and the influence of maternal factors. The aims of this study were to examine the association between results of prenatal tests and pregnancy termination, and the proportion of foetuses with and without chromosomal anomalies referred for invasive diagnostic tests over time. Diagnostic information of 26,261 prenatal invasive tests from all genetic service laboratories in Scotland from 2000 to 2011 was linked to Scottish Morbidity Records to obtain details on pregnancy outcome. Binary logistic regression was carried out to test the associations of year and type of diagnosis with pregnancy termination, while controlling for maternal age, neighbourhood deprivation and parity. There were 24,155 (92.0%) with no chromosomal anomalies, 1,483 (5.6%) aneuploidy diagnoses, and 623 (2.4%) diagnoses of anomaly that was not aneuploidy (including translocations and single chromosome deletions). In comparison with negative test results, pregnancies diagnosed with trisomy were most likely to be terminated (adjusted OR 437.40, 95% CI 348.19–549.46) followed by other aneuploid anomalies (adjusted OR 95.94, 95% CI 69.21–133.01). During the study period, fewer pregnancies that were diagnosed with aneuploidy were terminated, including trisomy diagnoses (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.73). Older women were less likely to terminate (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.28, 0.42), and parity was also an independent predictor of termination. In keeping with previous findings, while the number of invasive diagnostic tests declined, the proportion of abnormal results increased from 6.09% to 10.88%. Systematic advances in prenatal screening have improved detection rates for aneuploidy. This has been accompanied by a reduction in the rate of termination for aneuploidy. This may reflect societal changes with acceptance of greater diversity, but this is speculation, and further research would be needed to test this

Macronutrients for High and Low Injury Risk Collegiate Rodeo Athletes Compared to Recommended Dietary Allowances

Rodeo is a high-intensity, intermittent sport in nature unlike popular American sports. The production of empirical research outlining the physical demands and ideal training methods connected to rodeo and improving performance has not matched the rate of growth the sport of rodeo has experienced. Particularly regarding nutritional recommendations, limited research explains nutrition and its role in injury prevention and the process of recovery in rodeo athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the differences of macronutrients between high risk and low risk of injury in rodeo athletes compared to recommended daily allowances (RDA). METHODS: College rodeo athletes from a mid-size university in the southwest region were recruited to be a part of the study (n=150). Subjects completed a 3-day food record – 2 non-consecutive standard nutritional intake days and 1 unconventional day. Dietary intake records were input into Elizabeth Stewart Hands and Associates (ESHA) Food Processor Nutrition Analysis Software. Low and high-risk categorization was performed across nine college rodeo events. In accordance with previous literature outlying injury percentages (\u3e10 injuries; low-risk year). Subjects that competed in barrel racing, breakaway, and team roping were categorized as low injury risk athletes. Bull riding, saddle bronc, bareback, team roping, goat-tying, and steer wrestling were grouped as high-risk. The RDA macronutrient percentage recommendations (protein 25%, carbohydrates 55%, fats 20%) were utilized as comparative values. A paired sample t-test (p \u3c .05) was used to analyze the average macronutrients intake of rodeo athletes compared to recommended daily allowance (RDA) for high-risk and low-risk rodeo athletes. RESULTS: High-risk athletes’ average macronutrients were significantly different when compared to the RDA (Kcal pCONCLUSION: These data will be able to expose the surpluses and deficiencies of the dietary intake of the collegiate rodeo athletes. Low-risk rodeo athletes experienced overconsumption in fat and under consume the recommended number of kcals, protein and carbohydrates. High-risk athletes’ data showed under consumption in all areas explored. These data suggest for both adjustments should be made to address these deficiencies

Studies based on the Earley and Wolffer social studies vocabulary tests for grades IV, V, and VI.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

‘It’s like equality now; it’s not as if it’s the old days’: an investigation into gender identity development and football participation of adolescent girls

This article explores the influence participating in football has on the development of adolescent girls’ gender identity, an area which currently lacks academic attention. Data were taken from an ethnographic study with a group of adolescent girls and boys and compared to Jeanes’ research. A social constructionist framework was deployed with links to both critical theory and feminist literature. Qualitative and participatory methods were used to fully engage with the complex issue of gender identity. The girls within this study were aware of the normative gender expectations linked to ‘being a female’ but did not find this restrictive. The girls moved between many changing identities and organised their ‘web of selves’ accordingly. The apparent need to measure success by the parameters of male standards created a barrier to girls’ identity development

A Night of Piano

This recital is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Music in Music Performancehttps://digitalcommons.usu.edu/music_programs/1120/thumbnail.jp

The need for flexibility when negotiating professional boundaries in the context of homecare, dementia and end of life

Professional boundaries may help care staff to clarify their role, manage risk and safeguard vulnerable clients. Yet there is a scarcity of evidence on how professional boundaries are negotiated in a non-clinical environment (e.g. the home) by the home-care workforce in the context of complex care needs (e.g. dementia, end of-life care). Through analysis of semi-structured interviews, we investigated the experiences of home-care workers (N = 30) and their managers (N = 13) working for a range of home-care services in the South-East and London regions of England in 2016–17. Findings from this study indicate that home-care workers and their managers have clear perceptions of job role boundaries, yet these are modified in dementia care, particularly at end of life which routinely requires adaptability and flexibility. As a lone worker in a client’s home, there may be challenges relating to safeguarding and risk to both clients and workers. The working environment exacerbates this, particularly during end-of-life care where emotional attachments to both clients and their family may affect the maintenance of professional boundaries. There is a need to adopt context-specific, flexible and inclusive attitudes to professional boundaries, which reconceptualise these to include relational care and atypical workplace conventions. Pre-set boundaries which safeguard clients and workers through psychological contracts may help to alleviate to some extent the pressure of the emotional labour undertaken by home-care workers