21,799 research outputs found
The atmospheres of Mars and Venus
Of all the planets which may exist in the Universe, only nine have been studied by man. As a result, one cannot classify planets with the same confidence that one has in classifying stars; there is no theory of planetary evolution comparable in development to the theory of stellar evolution. Nevertheless, many of the goals of planetary science and stellar astronomy are the same: to classify objects according to their most fundamental properties in order to understand their present physical state and their evolution. From this point of view, the terrestrial planets comprise a group which can usefully be considered together. By comparing the similarities and differences between them, we may hope to gain insight into the evolution of the entire group
Neural spike train synchronization indices: Definitions, interpretations, and applications
A comparison of previously defined spike train synchronization indices is undertaken within a stochastic point process framework. The second-order cumulant density (covariance density) is shown to be common to all the indices. Simulation studies were used to investigate the sampling variability of a single index based on the second-order cumulant. The simulations used a paired motoneurone model and a paired regular spiking cortical neurone model. The sampling variability of spike trains generated under identical conditions from the paired motoneurone model varied from 50% to 160% of the estimated value. On theoretical grounds, and on the basis of simulated data a rate dependence is present in all synchronization indices. The application of coherence and pooled coherence estimates to the issue of synchronization indices is considered. This alternative frequency domain approach allows an arbitrary number of spike train pairs to be evaluated for statistically significant differences, and combined into a single population measure. The pooled coherence framework allows pooled time domain measures to be derived, application of this to the simulated data is illustrated. Data from the cortical neurone model is generated over a wide range of firing rates (1-250 spikes/s). The pooled coherence framework correctly characterizes the sampling variability as not significant over this wide operating range. The broader applicability of this approach to multielectrode array data is briefly discussed
Conformal Field Theories, Representations and Lattice Constructions
An account is given of the structure and representations of chiral bosonic
meromorphic conformal field theories (CFT's), and, in particular, the
conditions under which such a CFT may be extended by a representation to form a
new theory. This general approach is illustrated by considering the untwisted
and -twisted theories, and respectively,
which may be constructed from a suitable even Euclidean lattice .
Similarly, one may construct lattices and by
analogous constructions from a doubly-even binary code . In the case when
is self-dual, the corresponding lattices are also. Similarly,
and are self-dual if and only if is. We show that
has a natural ``triality'' structure, which induces an
isomorphism and also a triality
structure on . For the Golay code,
is the Leech lattice, and the triality on is the symmetry which extends the natural action of (an
extension of) Conway's group on this theory to the Monster, so setting triality
and Frenkel, Lepowsky and Meurman's construction of the natural Monster module
in a more general context. The results also serve to shed some light on the
classification of self-dual CFT's. We find that of the 48 theories
and with central charge 24 that there are 39 distinct ones,
and further that all 9 coincidences are accounted for by the isomorphism
detailed above, induced by the existence of a doubly-even self-dual binary
code.Comment: 65 page
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Using topographic derivatives of high resolution data on Earth and Mars to determine active processes on Mars
Professional boundaries: research report
In 2008 the General Social Care Council (GSCC) published Raising standards: Social work conduct in England 2003-2008. This constituted the GSCC’s first report covering the work undertaken to uphold standards and protect people who use social care services. The GSCC’s analysis revealed that a considerable proportion of conduct cases, some 40%, involved allegations of 'inappropriate relations'. In the light of this finding, and the release by the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE) of sexual boundaries guidance for healthcare workers at the beginning of this year (Halter et al, 2009), the GSCC committed itself to exploring the possibility of producing professional boundaries guidance for social workers.
To begin this exploration, the GSCC commissioned a study in early 2009.This is the report of that study. There were two main purposes. First, to establish what professional boundaries1 guidance currently exists for social workers, or for sections of the workforce that includes social workers in the United Kingdom, and the content of any such guidance. Secondly, to identify and discuss a number of other examples of professional boundaries guidance to act as points of reference for the GSCC’s project. The aim was to identify and discuss examples relevant to the GSCC’s project
The isodiametric problem with lattice-point constraints
In this paper, the isodiametric problem for centrally symmetric convex bodies
in the Euclidean d-space R^d containing no interior non-zero point of a lattice
L is studied. It is shown that the intersection of a suitable ball with the
Dirichlet-Voronoi cell of 2L is extremal, i.e., it has minimum diameter among
all bodies with the same volume. It is conjectured that these sets are the only
extremal bodies, which is proved for all three dimensional and several
prominent lattices.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, (v2) referee comments and suggestions
incorporated, accepted in Monatshefte fuer Mathemati
Benzylammonium 2,4-bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,3-dihydroisoindolide
The cation and anion of the title salt, C⁷H₁₀N⁺.C₁₄H₄N₅-, are both bisected by a crystallographic mirror plane. Extensive hydrogen bonding, with the R₆⁶(28) graph-set motif, connects the ions into layers
On Three-Dimensional Space Groups
An entirely new and independent enumeration of the crystallographic space
groups is given, based on obtaining the groups as fibrations over the plane
crystallographic groups, when this is possible. For the 35 ``irreducible''
groups for which it is not, an independent method is used that has the
advantage of elucidating their subgroup relationships. Each space group is
given a short ``fibrifold name'' which, much like the orbifold names for
two-dimensional groups, while being only specified up to isotopy, contains
enough information to allow the construction of the group from the name.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
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