Diseño de una herramienta de asignación de actividades en áreas de servicio

El problema de la asignación de actividades se ve reflejado multidisciplinariamente en todos los ámbitos donde el trabajo cooperativo es requerido. El buen funcionamiento de una empresa, asociación, grupo o institución siempre dependerá de qué tan bien logradas estén las actividades planeadas con las cuales cumplen su razón de ser, puesto que la ineficiencia a la hora de asignar puede generar re procesos, pérdidas de tiempo, desperdicios, inutilización de recursos o insatisfacción del talento humano. En muchas ocasiones, la asignación de actividades es hecha aleatoriamente y desinformadamente generando un funcionamiento muy alejado del óptimo y repercutiendo en las metas o resultados esperados. El objetivo de asignar acertadamente las actividades puede variar desde la disminución en costos hasta incluso la mejora en la calidad del trabajo de la fuerza laboral. En el presente documento se propone el diseño de una herramienta de asignación de actividades en áreas de servicio con el propósito de disminuir significativamente la improductividad, ineficiencia e insatisfacción que conlleva la mala asignación de actividades utilizando técnicas o herramientas como heurísticas, meta heurísticas, algoritmos y modelaciones matemáticas. Como caso de estudio se escogió un grupo estudiantil por el servicio que brinda a una comunidad en específico. Al final, como objetivo, se pretende disminuir la máxima diferencia en los puntajes de desempeño individual de los miembros del grupo con el propósito de nivelar cargas de trabajo y lograr mejores resultados en sus metas.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Situación actual de la actividad física en escolares de 10 – 14 años en el barrio Normandía de Soledad – Atlántico (Original)

The practice of physical activity at an early age in children is of vital importance since it contributes to their integral development, the inadequate foundation of this can cause irreversible errors in the development of the biomotor capacities of individuals. The objective of this research was to determine the current situation in which the practice of physical activity is found in schoolchildren aged 10 - 14 from the Urbanización Normandia neighborhood of Soledad-Atlántico. The transectional research designs (transversal) are those investigations which are in charge of collecting the data at a single moment in which the process occurs, in order to analyze its variables and describe their impact on the process. The sample of this research project is of a simple random type, since it allowed us to choose a part of the population, which met certain characteristics taken into account in the inclusion criteria. Consequently, this research project had a sample of 20 schoolchildren aged 10 - 14 years (12 boys - 8 girls) in the Urbanización Normandía neighborhood of Soledad - Atlántico.La práctica de la actividad física a temprana edad en los niños es de vital importancia ya que esta contribuye al desarrollo integral de los mismos, la no adecuada fundamentación de esta puede ocasionar errores irreversibles en el desarrollo de las capacidades biomotoras de los individuos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue Determinar la situación actual en la que se encuentra la práctica de la actividad física en los escolares de 10 – 14 años del barrio Urbanización Normandia de Soledad- Atlántico. Los diseños de investigación transeccional (transversales) son aquellas investigaciones las cuales se encargan de recopilar los datos en un momento único en el que se da el proceso, con el fin de analizar sus variables y describir el impacto de ellas en el proceso. Como proyecto se escogió el enfoque cuantitativo debido a que este se enfoca en la medición y en la comprobación objetiva delos hechos, a través de una observación sistemática y herramientas de medición (estadísticas). En consiguiente, Este proyecto investigativo conto con una muestra de 20 escolares en edades de 10 – 14 años (12 niños – 8 niñas) en el barrio Urbanización Normandía de Soledad – Atlántico

Diseño de un mapa ionosférico como soporte al desarrollo y la implementación de GBAS, precisión de aproximación categoría I en Colombia

The study and regional modeling of ionosphere is fundamental for designing of a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) because that atmosphere’s layer affects the precision of the geographic positions obtained with GNSS systems, so that the ionosphere is a critic element in the aircraft approaching to land segment. The investigation defines general guidelines to keep in mind for implementing a GBAS system on colombian territory, located in a very interesting geographic zone to ionosphere study because it is affected by the equatorial anomaly. The behavior of the local solar activity was analyzed with Rz12 data for one of the highest activity episodes registered in Colombia on April 12th 2010, as well as the Total Electron Content variations (TEC) with the processing of the continuous operation stations information of the Magnaeco and Sirgas-CON networks, obtaining as a result the higher and lower ionospheric impact zones, to GBAS implementation in the high traffic national airports.El estudio y modelamiento regional de la ionosfera es fundamental en el diseño de Sistemas de Aumentación Basados en Tierra (GBAS), considerando que esta capa de la atmósfera afecta la precisión de las posiciones geográficas obtenidas mediante los sistemas Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), por lo que la ionosfera es un elemento crítico en el segmento de aproximación de aeronaves a tierra.La investigación define los lineamientos generales que se deben tener en cuenta para la implementación de un sistema GBAS en el territorio colombiano, localizado en zona geográfica de gran interés para el estudio de la ionosfera, en particular al encontrarse afectada por la anomalía ecuatorial. Se analizó el comportamiento de la actividad solar local mediante el uso de datos Rz12 para uno de los episodios de mayor actividad magnética registrada en Colombia el 12 de abril de 2010, así como las variaciones del contenido total de electrones (TEC, Total Electron Content) mediante el procesamiento de la información de las estaciones de funcionamiento continuo de la red Magnaeco y Sirgas-CON, obteniéndose como resultados las regiones de mayor y menor impacto ionosférico para la implementación de GBAS en los aeropuertos de alto tráfico aéreo nacional

Analysis of Urine Samples for the Molecular Detection of Infectious Diseases. Application to the Identification of Human Cytomegalovirus

La implementación de metodologías de biología molecular como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), ha permitido la realización de diagnósticos sensibles y específicos para múltiples enfermedades, dentro de las cuales son de gran interés las infecciosas. Hasta hoy, los métodos de identificación se basan principalmente en cultivos y serología por su sensibilidad y especificidad, pero consumen tiempo y dinero. Las muestras de orina se han constituido en una alternativa no invasiva de obtención de ADN para la realización de análisis de biología molecular. Metodología: Implementación de una estrategia para la obtención de ADN a partir de muestras de orina. Las muestras fueron tomadas de niños de guardería, para documentar la presencia o no de inhibidores de PCR a través de la amplificación de genes de Citomegalovirus humano (CMVH). Resultados: En el 27,1% de las muestras analizadas se evidenció amplificación específica para CMVH, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la presencia del virus en los tres estratos, pero sí en la intensidad de las bandas. Conclusión: Se verificó la ausencia de inhibidores de PCR mediante la amplificación del gen de la B-globina. Se estandarizó una metodología molecular para la identificación de CMVH, la cual puede ser aplicadaMolecular biology methods like Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been used for diagnosis of infectious diseases. Until today, the identification methods are based mainly on cultures and serology due to their sensibility and specificity, but they are expensive and time consuming. Urine samples constitute an alternative, noninvasive, method of obtaining DNA for the accomplishment of molecular Biology analysis. Methodology: implementation of a strategy to obtain DNA from urine samples. Samples were taken from children in daycare centers, to document the presence of inhibitors, PCR amplification of genes of human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was done. Results: In 27.1% of the analyzed samples, specific amplification for HCMV was demonstrated. No viral significant differences were found in the three layers, although it was present in the bands. Conclusion: The inhibitor absence was verified using PCR by amplificating the gene of the B-globine. A molecular methodology for the HCMV identification was standardized, which can be applied in prenatal diagnosis of congenital infection

Detection of the Geminga pulsar with MAGIC hints at a power-law tail emission beyond 15 GeV

We report the detection of pulsed gamma-ray emission from the Geminga pulsar (PSR J0633+1746) between 15 GeV and 75 GeV. This is the first time a middle-aged pulsar has been detected up to these energies. Observations were carried out with the MAGIC telescopes between 2017 and 2019 using the low-energy threshold Sum-Trigger-II system. After quality selection cuts, similar to 80 h of observational data were used for this analysis. To compare with the emission at lower energies below the sensitivity range of MAGIC, 11 years of Fermi-LAT data above 100 MeV were also analysed. From the two pulses per rotation seen by Fermi-LAT, only the second one, P2, is detected in the MAGIC energy range, with a significance of 6.3 sigma. The spectrum measured by MAGIC is well-represented by a simple power law of spectral index Gamma =5.62 +/- 0.54, which smoothly extends the Fermi-LAT spectrum. A joint fit to MAGIC and Fermi-LAT data rules out the existence of a sub-exponential cut-off in the combined energy range at the 3.6 sigma significance level. The power-law tail emission detected by MAGIC is interpreted as the transition from curvature radiation to Inverse Compton Scattering of particles accelerated in the northern outer gap

Search for Very High-energy Emission from the Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0218+4232

PSR J0218+4232 is one of the most energetic millisecond pulsars known and has long been considered as one of the best candidates for very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. Using 11.5 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data between 100 MeV and 870 GeV, and similar to 90 hr of Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations in the 20 GeV to 20 TeV range, we searched for the highest energy gamma-ray emission from PSR J0218+4232. Based on the analysis of the LAT data, we find evidence for pulsed emission above 25 GeV, but see no evidence for emission above 100 GeV (VHE) with MAGIC. We present the results of searches for gamma-ray emission, along with theoretical modeling, to interpret the lack of VHE emission. We conclude that, based on the experimental observations and theoretical modeling, it will remain extremely challenging to detect VHE emission from PSR J0218+4232 with the current generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, and maybe even with future ones, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array

MAGIC Observations of the Nearby Short Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 160821B

The coincident detection of GW170817 in gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation spanning the radio to MeV gamma-ray bands provided the first direct evidence that short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can originate from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. On the other hand, the properties of short GRBs in high-energy gamma-rays are still poorly constrained, with only similar to 20 events detected in the GeV band, and none in the TeV band. GRB 160821B is one of the nearest short GRBs known at z = 0.162. Recent analyses of the multiwavelength observational data of its afterglow emission revealed an optical-infrared kilonova component, characteristic of heavy-element nucleosynthesis in a BNS merger. Aiming to better clarify the nature of short GRBs, this burst was automatically followed up with the MAGIC telescopes, starting from 24 s after the burst trigger. Evidence of a gamma-ray signal is found above similar to 0.5 TeV at a significance of similar to 3 sigma during observations that lasted until 4 hr after the burst. Assuming that the observed excess events correspond to gamma-ray emission from GRB 160821B, in conjunction with data at other wavelengths, we investigate its origin in the framework of GRB afterglow models. The simplest interpretation with one-zone models of synchrotron-self-Compton emission from the external forward shock has difficulty accounting for the putative TeV flux. Alternative scenarios are discussed where the TeV emission can be relatively enhanced. The role of future GeV-TeV observations of short GRBs in advancing our understanding of BNS mergers and related topics is briefly addressed

Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays

Classical novae are cataclysmic binary star systems in which the matter of a companion star is accreted on a white dwarf(1,2). Accumulation of hydrogen in a layer eventually causes a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of the white dwarf(3), brightening the white dwarf to similar to 10(5) solar luminosities and triggering ejection of the accumulated matter. Novae provide the extreme conditions required to accelerate particles, electrons or protons, to high energies. Here we present the detection of gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes from the 2021 outburst of RS Ophiuchi, a recurrent nova with a red giant companion, which allowed us to accurately characterize the emission from a nova in the 60 GeV to 250 GeV energy range. The theoretical interpretation of the combined Fermi LAT and MAGIC data suggests that protons are accelerated to hundreds of gigaelectronvolts in the nova shock. Such protons should create bubbles of enhanced cosmic ray density, of the order of 10 pc, from the recurrent novae

Survey Data on the Impact of COVID-19 on Parental Engagement Across 23 Countries

This data article describes the dataset of the International COVID-19 Impact on Parental Engagement Study (ICIPES). ICIPES is a collaborative effort of more than 20 institutions to investigate the ways in which, parents and caregivers built capacity engaged with children's learning during the period of social distancing arising from global COVID-19 pandemic. A series of data were collected using an online survey conducted in 23 countries and had a total sample of 4,658 parents/caregivers. The description of the data contained in this article is divided into two main parts. The first part is a descriptive analysis of all the items included in the survey and was performed using tables and figures. The second part refers to the construction of scales. Three scales were constructed and included in the dataset: ‘parental acceptance and confidence in the use of technology’, ‘parental engagement in children's learning’ and ‘socioeconomic status’. The scales were created using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multi-Group Confirmatory Analysis (MG-CFA) and were adopted to evaluate their cross-cultural comparability (i.e., measurement invariance) across countries and within sub-groups. This dataset will be relevant for researchers in different fields, particularly for those interested in international comparative education