Exponential Splines and Pseudo-Splines: Generation versus reproduction of exponential polynomials

Subdivision schemes are iterative methods for the design of smooth curves and surfaces. Any linear subdivision scheme can be identified by a sequence of Laurent polynomials, also called subdivision symbols, which describe the linear rules determining successive refinements of coarse initial meshes. One important property of subdivision schemes is their capability of exactly reproducing in the limit specific types of functions from which the data is sampled. Indeed, this property is linked to the approximation order of the scheme and to its regularity. When the capability of reproducing polynomials is required, it is possible to define a family of subdivision schemes that allows to meet various demands for balancing approximation order, regularity and support size. The members of this family are known in the literature with the name of pseudo-splines. In case reproduction of exponential polynomials instead of polynomials is requested, the resulting family turns out to be the non-stationary counterpart of the one of pseudo-splines, that we here call the family of exponential pseudo-splines. The goal of this work is to derive the explicit expressions of the subdivision symbols of exponential pseudo-splines and to study their symmetry properties as well as their convergence and regularity.Comment: 25 page

From approximating to interpolatory non-stationary subdivision schemes with the same generation properties

In this paper we describe a general, computationally feasible strategy to deduce a family of interpolatory non-stationary subdivision schemes from a symmetric non-stationary, non-interpolatory one satisfying quite mild assumptions. To achieve this result we extend our previous work [C.Conti, L.Gemignani, L.Romani, Linear Algebra Appl. 431 (2009), no. 10, 1971-1987] to full generality by removing additional assumptions on the input symbols. For the so obtained interpolatory schemes we prove that they are capable of reproducing the same exponential polynomial space as the one generated by the original approximating scheme. Moreover, we specialize the computational methods for the case of symbols obtained by shifted non-stationary affine combinations of exponential B-splines, that are at the basis of most non-stationary subdivision schemes. In this case we find that the associated family of interpolatory symbols can be determined to satisfy a suitable set of generalized interpolating conditions at the set of the zeros (with reversed signs) of the input symbol. Finally, we discuss some computational examples by showing that the proposed approach can yield novel smooth non-stationary interpolatory subdivision schemes possessing very interesting reproduction properties

Ellipse-preserving Hermite interpolation and subdivision

We introduce a family of piecewise-exponential functions that have the Hermite interpolation property. Our design is motivated by the search for an effective scheme for the joint interpolation of points and associated tangents on a curve with the ability to perfectly reproduce ellipses. We prove that the proposed Hermite functions form a Riesz basis and that they reproduce prescribed exponential polynomials. We present a method based on Green's functions to unravel their multi-resolution and approximation-theoretic properties. Finally, we derive the corresponding vector and scalar subdivision schemes, which lend themselves to a fast implementation. The proposed vector scheme is interpolatory and level-dependent, but its asymptotic behaviour is the same as the classical cubic Hermite spline algorithm. The same convergence properties---i.e., fourth order of approximation---are hence ensured

Exponential pseudo-splines: Looking beyond exponential B-splines

Pseudo-splines are a rich family of functions that allows the user to meet various demands for balancing polynomial reproduction (i.e., approximation power), regularity and support size. Such a family includes, as special members, B-spline functions, universally known for their usefulness in different fields of application. When replacing polynomial reproduction by exponential polynomial reproduction, a new family of functions is obtained. This new family is here constructed and called the family of exponential pseudo-splines. It is the nonstationary counterpart of (polynomial) pseudo-splines and includes exponential B-splines as a special subclass. In this work we provide a computational strategy for deriving the explicit expression of the Laurent polynomial sequence that identifies the family of exponential pseudo-spline nonstationary subdivision schemes. For this family we study its symmetry properties and perform its convergence and regularity analysis. Finally, we also show that the family of primal exponential pseudo-splines fills in the gap between exponential B-splines and interpolatory cardinal functions. This extends the analogous property of primal pseudo-spline stationary subdivision schemes

Dual Hermite subdivision schemes of de Rham-type

International audienceThough a Hermite subdivision scheme is non-stationary by nature, its non-stationarity can be of two types, making useful the distinction between Inherently Stationary and Inherently Non-Stationary Hermite subdivision schemes. This paper focuses on the class of inherently stationary, dual non-interpolatory Hermite subdivision schemes that can be obtained from known Hermite interpolatory ones, by applying a generalization of the de Rham corner cutting strategy. Exploiting specific tools for the analysis of inherently stationary Hermite subdivision schemes we show that, giving up the interpolation condition, the smoothness of the associated basic limit function can be increased by one, while its support width is only enlarged by one. To accomplish the analysis of de Rham-type Hermite subdivision schemes two new theoretical results are derived and the new notion of HC-convergence is introduced. It allows the construction of Hermite-type subdivision schemes of order d + 1 with the first element of the vector valued limit function having regularity ≥ d

Signal transduction in the Sertoli cell: serum modulation of the response to FSH

Immature Sertoli cells of the testicular seminiferous tubule maintain the expression of their differentiated phenotype when cultured in unsupplemented medium. In preliminary experiments we observed that foetal bovine serum (FBS) stimulates polyphosphoinositides (PI) hydrolysis in Sertoli cells. We then evaluated the effect of serum on the function of the immature Sertoli cell in culture, in terms of cAMP and estrogen production. Treatment of Sertoli cells for 30 min with 1–10% FBS had no effect on basal cAMP accumulation but abolished the response to FSH. The serum concentration producing half-maximal inhibition of the FSH-dependent cAMP accumulation was 0.5–1%. Comparison of the FSH-dose-response in the absence or presence of serum showed a decreased maximal response when serum was present. Sertoli cells exposed to serum were also less responsive to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, to cholera toxin, and to forskolin. The serum inhibition was rapidly reversed upon removal of serum or incubating the cells with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor MIX (methyl-isobutyl-xanthine). Similarly to what observed with cAMP, serum affected androgen aromatization stimulated by FSH, isoproterenol, cholera toxin, forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP. These data indicate that factors present in serum can act as modulators of the Sertoli cell function in vitro by rapidly and reversibly inhibiting the cAMP and steroidogenic response of the Sertoli cell to FSH