Symmetry reductions of a particular set of equations of associativity in twodimensional topological field theory

The WDVV equations of associativity arising in twodimensional topological field theory can be represented, in the simplest nontrivial case, by a single third order equation of the Monge-Ampe`re type. By investigating its Lie point symmetries, we reduce it to various nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and we obtain several new explicit solutions.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 200

Desenvolvimento do feijão-guando (guandu) em diferentes densidades de solo argiloso

O experimento foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da compactação subsuperficial do solo no crescimento radicular do feijão-guando (Cajanus cajan (L.) Milsp). Foram montados vasos com 20 cm de diâmetro e 28,5 cm de altura divididos em três anéis sobrepostos de 10, 3,5 e 15 cm. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco densidades de solo: 1,00, 1,10, 1,20, 1,40 e 1,60 Mg m-3, aplicados a 10 cm de profundidade, sendo o experimento conduzido com 5 tratamentos de densidade de compactação do anel intermediário e 6 repetições em delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado. Não foram observadas influências das camadas compactadas sobre a altura e o diâmetro da planta. Com referência às variáveis radiculares, não se observaram diferenças significativas para superfície específica, enquanto que — para comprimento, volume e diâmetro — houve diferenças significativas. Quanto às profundidades, os maiores valores das variáveis foram no anel de 0 – 10 cm de profundidade, a não ser o diâmetro das raízes, que foi maior no anel inferior. Outro fator importante está relacionado aos valores semelhantes entre o anel superior e o inferior, o que resulta na passagem das raízes pelo anel compactado. O experimento visa demonstrar, portanto, que o feijão-guando (guandu) é indicado como espécie para descompactação natural do solo, pois consegue vencer as camadas compactadas de até 1,6 Mg m–3

TEORES E ACÚMULO DE NUTRIENTES EM FUNÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO DE PLANTAS DE CANOLA

To determine spacing and plant density effects on the nutrient contents of canola, an experiment was installed at Experimental Farm of São Manuel of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas do Campus de Botucatu - SP, in Red Yellow Latosol soil, where the main plots were spacing (broadcast, 18cm and 36cm rows) and the subplots were density (600, 900 and 1.200 thousand plants.ha-1), with four replications. Plants were sampled at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 130 days after emergence for evaluation in the dry matter production and the nutrient content. The results showed that spacing and density influenced nutrient contents. The maximum accumulation for macronutrients was at 45 days after planting and maximum for Zn, Fe and B occurred at 45 days and for Cu and Mn at 60 days after emergence.Procurando determinar os efeitos da população de plantas nos teores de nutrientes da canola, conduziu-se um experimento, na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas do Campus de Botucatu (SP), em solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho - Amarelo, com 9 tratamentos, resultantes da combinação de 3 densidades (6.105, 9.105 e 12.105 plantas ha-1) e 3 espaçamentos (a lanço, 18 e 36 cm), com 4 repetições. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas. Foram colhidas plantas aos 30, 45, 60, 90 e 130 dias após a emergência da cultura, e avaliados os parâmetros produção de matéria seca, teores e conteúdos de nutrientes. Os espaçamentos e as densidades de plantas influenciaram de diferentes modos os teores e conteúdos de nutrientes. O máximo de acúmulo dos macronutrientes e para Zn, Fe , B e deu-se aos 45 dias após emergência das plantas. Para o Cu e o Mn o máximo acúmulo se deu aos 60 dias após emergência da canola

ADUBAÇÃO FOLIAR DO FEIJOEIRO COM NUTRIENTES, VITAMINA B1 E METIONINA

Two experiments were set to determine foliar fertilization effects on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity. The following treatments were used: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 (three foliar aplications with formulations 1, 4, 5, 2 and 3 with 3 kg.ha-1 each time), T6 and T7 (three foliar aplications of methionine and vitamin B1, 3 g.ha -1 each time) and T8 (control treatment). T1 consisted of (micro + Mg + S + methionine); T2 (solution with P); T3 (solution with Ca); T4 (micro + Mg + S + vitamin B1), and T5 (micro + Mg + S). Contents of macro and micronutrients of grains, physiological quality of grains and produtivity were evaluated. In a general way, the different treatments, did not influence neither the bean plant produtivity, nor the physiological quality of grain.Procurando determinar os efeitos da adubação foliar sobre a produtividade do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foram conduzidos dois experimentos. Os tratamentos, com quatro repetições, com aplicações foliares aos 30, 45 e 60 dias após a emergência das plantas foram: T1 (micro + Mg + S + metionina); T2 (micro + Mg + S + vitamina B1); T3 (micro + Mg + S); T4 (somente P); T5 (somente Ca); T6 (metionina); T7 ( vitamina B1); e T8 (testemunha). Nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram usadas doses de 3 kg.ha-1, por aplicação e nos tratamentos 6 e 7, doses de 3 g.ha-1. Foram avaliados os teores de macro e micronutrientes dos grãos, a qualidade fisiológica dos grãos e a produtividade. Os diferentes tratamentos realizados não foram eficientes para aumentar produtividade e qualidade fisiológica dos grãos

SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS NO CULTIVO DE CRISÂNTEMO DE VASO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos na qualidade e produtividade de plantas de crisântemo e a sua viabilidade econômica. O experimento foi conduzido sob cultivo protegido, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UNIOESTE, município de Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - substrato comercial (SC); T2 - substrato do produtor 1 (SP1) (50% de SC + 25% de solo + 25% de pó de xaxim); T3 - substrato do produtor 2 (SP2) (30% areia + 30% xaxim + 40% casca de árvores moídas); T4 - 50% SC + 50% SP1; T5 - 50% SP1 + 50% composto de lixo urbano (CLU); T6 - 50% SC + 50% CLU. Os parâmetros avaliados nas plantas foram: altura, diâmetro da haste e das inflorescências, número de folhas e de inflorescências, peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, comprimento e raio médio radicular e teores de macronutrientes da parte aérea. Foi realizada análise econômica para se ter uma idéia da viabilidade e utilização de cada substrato. Após a análise dos resultados pode-se concluir que a maior produção de massa seca da parte aérea foi obtida quando se utilizou apenas o substrato comercial, para os outros parâmetros de parte aérea, as plantas de todos os tratamentos se comportaram de forma semelhante. O sistema radicular teve seu melhor desenvolvimento quando se utilizou o substrato do produtor 1 e quando foi realizada a mistura 50% substrato do produtor 1 + 50% de composto de lixo urbano. Houve maior absorção de nitrogênio pelas plantas de crisântemo nos tratamentos onde predominaram componentes de baixa disponibilidade desse elemento. Para os demais macronutrientes há um comportamento semelhante quanto à absorção desses elementos quando se utilizou o composto de lixo urbano. Avaliando-se as várias misturas de substratos utilizadas, observou maior viabilidade econômica para a utilização de 50% de substrato do produtor1 + 50% composto de lixo urbano e a mistura de  50% substrato comercial com 50% composto de lixo urbano

Transient transfection of porcine granulosa cells after 3D culture in barium alginate capsules

Three-dimensional culture systems in barium alginate capsules can be employed to maintain primary granulosa cells in an undifferentiated state for almost 6 days. This is due to a self-organization of cells in a pseudofollicular structure. The transfection of primary granulosa cells is a necessary condition when employing these culture systems for several purposes, for example as an in vitro toxicity test or the development of oocytes or zygotes. In this work, the feasibility of two transient transfection techniques (liposome-mediated and electroporation) was assessed in primary porcine granulosa cells after a 6-day culture in an artificial extracellular matrix (barium alginate membrane). Human recombinant green fluorescent protein was chosen as a molecular readout, and protein expression was assessed after 48 hours from transfection. Liposome-mediated transfection gave low transfection levels, with increasing yields from 2 to 12 microgDNA/ml of medium; the maximum percentage (85.7%) was reached at 12 microgDNA/ml of medium. Electroporation-mediated transfection yields were higher: the best results (81.7% of transfected cells) were achieved with two 50V pulses and 12 microg/ml DNA. The application of a single or double pulse (50V) at 4 mgDNA/ml gave negligible results. These results indicate that primary granulosa cell cultured in barium alginate capsules can be transfected by electroporation with high transfection yields

High-risk surgical stage 1 endometrial cancer: analysis of treatment outcome

PURPOSE: To report the relapse and survival rates associated to treatment for patients with stage IC, grade 2 or grade 3 and IB grade 3 diseases considered high risk patients group for relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1993 to December 2003, 106 patients with endometrial cancer stage I were managed surgically in our institution. Based on data from the medical records, 106 patients with epithelial endometrial cancer met the following inclusion criteria: stage IC grade 2 or 3 and IB grade 3 with or without lymphovascular invasion. Staging was defined according to the FIGO surgical staging system. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy consisted of external beam pelvic radiation, vaginal brachytherapy alone or both. The median age was 65 years (range, 32–83 years), lymph node dissection was performed in 45 patients (42.5%) and 14 patients (13.2%) received vaginal brachytherapy only, and 92 (86.8%) received combined vaginal brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy. The median dose of external beam radiotherapy administered to the pelvis was 4500 cGy (range 4000 – 5040). The median dose to vaginal surface was 2400 cGy (range 2000 – 3000). Predominant pathological stage and histological grade were IC (73.6%) and grade 3 (51.9%). The lymphovascular invasion was present in 33 patients (31.1%) and pathological stage IC grade 2 was most common (48. 1%) combination of risk factors in this group. RESULTS: With a follow up median of 58.3 months (range 12.8 – 154), five year overall survival and event free survival were 78.5% and 72.4%, respectively. Locoregional control in five year was 92.4%. Prognostic factors related with survival in univariate analyses were: lymphadenectomy (p = 0.045), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.047) and initial failure site (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses the initial failure in distant sites (p < 0.0001) was the only factor associated with poor survival. Acute and chronic gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity grades 3 were not observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results showed that the stage IC, grade 2, 3 and IB grade 3 endometrial cancer was associated with significantly increased risk of distant relapse and endometrial carcinoma-related death independently of salvage treatment modality

Whole brain radiation therapy in management of brain metastasis: results and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic factors associated with overall survival in patients with brain metastasis treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and estimate the potential improvement in survival for patients with brain metastases, stratified by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1996 to December 2000, 270 medical records of patients with diagnosis of brain metastasis, who received WBRT in the Hospital do Cancer Sao Paulo A.C. Camargo in the period, were analyzed. The surgery followed by WBRT was used in 15% of patients and 85 % of others patients were submitted at WBRT alone; in this cohort 134 patients (50%) received the fractionation schedule of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The most common primary tumor type was breast (33%) followed by lung (29%), and solitary brain metastasis was present in 38.1% of patients. The prognostic factors evaluated for overall survival were: gender, age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), number of lesions, localization of lesions, primary tumor site, surgery, chemotherapy, absence extracranial disease, RPA class and radiation doses and fractionation. RESULTS: The OS in 1, 2 and 3 years was 25, 1%, 10, 4% e 4, 3% respectively, and the median survival time was 4.6 months. The median survival time in months according to RPA class after WBRT was: 6.2 class I, 4.2 class II and 3.0 class III (p < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors associated with better survival were: KPS higher than 70 (p < 0.0001), neurosurgery (p < 0.0001) and solitary brain metastasis (p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, KPS higher than 70 (p < 0.001) and neurosurgery (p = 0.001) maintained positively associated with the survival. CONCLUSION: In this series, the patients with higher perform status, RPA class I, and treated with surgery followed by whole brain radiotherapy had better survival. This data suggest that patients with cancer and a single metastasis to the brain may be treated effectively with surgical resection plus radiotherapy. The different radiotherapy doses and fractionation schedules did not altered survival

SISTEMAS DE CULTIVOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO RADICULAR DA SOJA

One of the characteristics most important in the development ofa culture is the study of the system to root, that ally the different forms ofhandling of the ground, will be able to reflect aspects important of itsperformance. That an experiment with different system of culture in thesoybean was carried through. The treatments had been: conventional system(SC), direct sowing during 5 years (DS5) and direct sowing during 10 years(DS10). Opened 2 trenches for each system and collected the samples of thesoil the culture in full flowering. Each trench had 100 cm of length in theline, enclosing of 10 and 12 plants, with 80 cm of width until reaching toanother line of plantation, consequently eliminating plantation line, withpurpose to inside facilitate to the work of the trench and depth of 60 cm. Theroots had been evaluated by the System Integrated for Analysis of Root deOverture of the Soil. To the long one of the profile of the ground 10 cm andevaluated had been collected samples to each: text of water, density of theground and porosity. The results had allowed to conclude that in theconventional system the roots, in its majority, had been superficial and thatin the system direct plantation, independent of the time, did not havedifferences in the distribution of the roots to the long one of the profile ofthe ground. The density of the ground in the superficial layer was lesser inthe conventional system. The conventional system presented the biggestmacroporosity and small microporosity, being that in the direct independentplantation of the time of this practical it had greater microporosity and lesservalues of macroporosity.Uma das caracter&iacute;sticas mais importantes no desenvolvimento deuma cultura &eacute; o estudo do sistema radicular, que aliado as formas de manejodo solo, poder&aacute; refletir aspectos importantes de seu desempenho. Assim, foirealizado um experimento com alguns sistemas de cultivo na cultura da soja.Os tratamentos foram: sistema convencional (SC), plantio direto durantecinco anos (PD5) e plantio direto durante 10 anos (PD10). Foram abertasduas trincheiras para cada sistema e coletadas amostras de solo com a culturaem pleno florescimento. Cada trincheira tinha 100 cm de comprimentona linha, abrangendo de 10-12 plantas, com 80 cm de largura at&eacute; alcan&ccedil;ar aoutra linha de semeadura, conseq&uuml;entemente eliminando linha de semeadura,com finalidade de facilitar o trabalho dentro da trincheira e profundidadede 60 cm. As ra&iacute;zes foram avaliadas pelo Sistema Integrado para An&aacute;lisede Ra&iacute;zes de Cobertura do Solo (SIARCS). Ao longo do perfil do solo foramcoletadas amostras a cada 10 cm e avaliado: teor de &aacute;gua, densidade do soloe porosidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que no sistema convencionalas ra&iacute;zes, na sua maioria, foram superficiais e que no sistema plantiodireto, independente do tempo, n&atilde;o houve diferen&ccedil;as na distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o dasra&iacute;zes ao longo do perfil do solo. A densidade do solo na camada superficialfoi menor no sistema convencional. O sistema convencional apresentou maiormacroporosidade e menor microporosidade, sendo que no plantio direto, independente do tempo dessa pr&aacute;tica, a microporosidade foi maior e menor amacroporosidade

Adipose stromal/stem cells assist fat transplantation reducing necrosis and increasing graft performance.

Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is a procedure for adipose tissue (AT) repair after trauma, burns, post-tumor resections and lipodystrophies still negatively impacted by the lack of graft persistence. The reasons behind this poor outcome are unclear and seem to involve damages in either harvested/transplanted mature adipocytes or on their mesenchymal progenitors, namely adipose stromal/stem cells (ASC), and due to post-transplant AT apoptosis and involution. A rabbit subcutaneous AT regeneration model was here developed to first evaluate graft quality at different times after implant focusing on related parameters, such as necrosis and vasculogenesis. Standard AFT was compared with a strategy where purified autologous ASC, combined with hyaluronic acid (HA), assisted AFT. Five million of autologous ex vivo isolated CD29+, CD90+, CD49e+ ASC, loaded into HA, enriched 1&nbsp;ml of AT generating an early significant protective effect in reducing AFT necrosis and increasing vasculogenesis with a preservation of transplanted AT architecture. This beneficial impact of ASC assisted AFT was then confirmed at three months with a robust lipopreservation and no signs of cellular transformation. By a novel ASC assisted AFT approach we ensure a reduction in early cell death favoring an enduring graft performance possibly for a more stable benefit in patients