Why should SME adopt IT enabled CRM strategy?

Recent trends of fast adoption of CRM, whether as a philosophy, a strategy, an aid to the general marketing effort and mix, or merely as a fashion; as every body else is doing it; is driven by a clear acknowledgement and recognition that long-term relationships with customers are one of the most important assets of an organization and that information-enabled systems must be developed that will give the organization some form of ownership, that is: 'customer ownership'.CRM, SME, IT, e-tools, strategy

A Cram of E-Learning Advantages and Disadvantages

In today’s society, following the exponential development of ICT, the classical method of learning has undergone numerous changes. The emergence of the Internet has accelerated these changes due to its capacity to offer multiple possibilities of access to information, instruction, all based on dynamic technologies, transparency and open dialogue. It can be well said that the Internet is turning into an arbiter for the access to education and culture, while eLearning is a new form of education that suggests itself as an alternative with a view to the needs of continuing training and knowledge. The most widely known results of this change are obvious in two learning models mediated by ICT: eLearning and Computer-assisted learning. As well as the classical models, these models imply an efficient learning process based on well-grounded cooperation and communication activities. Moreover, these models require appropriate technology and equipment. It is also important for the eLearners to have knowledge of the new technologies. The great advantage of eLearning is the abolition of formal barriers by eliminating distances, by introducing temporal flexibility and the creation of a new type of student-teacher relationship. The authors have asked the question whether the greatest advantages of this new way of learning and refreshing will still hold for those of a higher educational and financial status, thus deepening unequal opportunity of chances. A team of members of the teaching staff of "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi (UAIC) and the Academy of Economic Studies of Bucharest (ASE) have carried out a survey among the students of the two institutions regarding the students' perceptions, expectations and attitudes related to eLearning and the identifi-cation of the profile of the student with access to this form of education. The paper presents some of the most important findings of this research.e-learning, Internet, survey, educational process

The Efficiency of the On-line Samplings

The rapid growth of the technology from the last decades led to the collateral development of many other sciences. One of the most important inventions was the Internet and the web technologies with a tremendous impact on the society. Statistics, as a social science, at its turn in ongoing development has only to gain from that. Lately, the on line sampling technique greatly developed. Each web site of a certain importance includes in various forms of the questionnaires. These vary from a mere question to lengthy ones and are a part of daily life of those who access the World Wide Web. The main question is how feasible are the results derived from these samplings as the main issue is the representativiness. A nonrepresentative sampling is a futile one. It is a more convenient solution to post a question on the web page and to wait for an answer from the page’s visitors? But how representative is this answer for the target audience? The present paper aims to list the on-lone methodology as well as analyze their efficiency through presenting their advantages and drawbacks.internet, on-line survey, selective research, questionnaire, error

Development of lifetime comorbidity in the world health organization world mental health surveys

CONTEXT: Although numerous studies have examined the role of latent variables in the structure of comorbidity among mental disorders, none has examined their role in the development of comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among 18 lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. DESIGN: Nationally or regionally representative community surveys. SETTING: Fourteen countries. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 229 survey respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First onset of 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders assessed retrospectively in the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Separate internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (behavior and substance disorders) factors were found in exploratory factor analysis of lifetime disorders. Consistently significant positive time-lagged associations were found in survival analyses for virtually all temporally primary lifetime disorders predicting subsequent onset of other disorders. Within-domain (ie, internalizing or externalizing) associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. Most time-lagged associations were explained by a model that assumed the existence of mediating latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (internalizing) and hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (externalizing) were the most important predictors. A small number of residual associations remained significant after controlling the latent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The good fit of the latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most of the comorbidity among the disorders considered herein. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although several important pairwise associations that cannot be accounted for by latent variables also exist that warrant further focused study

The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Disorders Cross-Nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys

Background: Prevalences of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) and Mental Health Disorders (MHDs) in many individual countries have been reported but there are few cross-national studies. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative standardizes methodological factors facilitating comparison of the prevalences and associated factors of AUDs in a large number of countries to identify differences and commonalities. Methods: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV AUDs, MHDs, and associations were assessed in the 29 WMH surveys using the WHO CIDI 3.0. Results: Prevalence estimates of alcohol use and AUD across countries and WHO regions varied widely. Mean lifetime prevalence of alcohol use in all countries combined was 80%, ranging from 3.8% to 97.1%. Combined average population lifetime and 12-month prevalence of AUDs were 8.6% and 2.2% respectively and 10.7% and 4.4% among non-abstainers. Of individuals with a lifetime AUD, 43.9% had at least one lifetime MHD and 17.9% of respondents with a lifetime MHD had a lifetime AUD. For most comorbidity combinations, the MHD preceded the onset of the AUD. AUD prevalence was much higher for men than women. 15% of all lifetime AUD cases developed before age 18. Higher household income and being older at time of interview, married, and more educated, were associated with a lower risk for lifetime AUD and AUD persistence. Conclusions: Prevalence of alcohol use and AUD is high overall, with large variation worldwide. The WMH surveys corroborate the wide geographic consistency of a number of well-documented clinical and epidemiological findings and patterns

NFT i kryptowaluty : metamorfoza gospodarki pod znakiem blockchain : podejście szeregów czasowych

Chociaż NFT (tokeny non-fungible) i kryptowaluty występują na tym samym rynku, ich ceny nie są ściśle powiązane ze sobą. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zidentyfikowanie związku między dwoma rodzajami aktywów (NFT i kryptowalutami: Ethereum, Crypto Coin i Bitcoin), wykorzystując dane od września 2020 r. do lutego 2022 r. Wnioski z badania są ważne dla emitentów kryptowalut i NFT i inwestorów rynku finansowego, którzy coraz częściej konfigurują swoje portfele i wykorzystują NFT i kryptowaluty do celów spekulacyjnych lub zabezpieczających w oparciu o technologię blockchain. Badania wykazały relacje między NFT a Ethereum, Ethereum i Crypto Coin oraz Bitcoin i Ethereum. Cena NFT miała wpływ na cenę Ethereum. Badanie to może również pomóc decydentom i organom regulacyjnym ustrukturyzować i ulepszyć ich politykę, ponieważ kryptowaluty wymagają wielu sposobów ograniczania ryzyka dla inwestorów i rynków finansowych. Dlatego wyniki generują cenne spostrzeżenia i konsekwencje polityki, które podkreślają korzyści z inwestowania na rynkach blockchain i sugerują sposoby na usunięcie ryzyka związanego z tym rynkiem.Although NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and cryptocurrencies are active in the same market, their prices are not so closely related over time. This paper aims to identify the relationship between the two types of assets (NFTs and the cryptocurrencies Ethereum, Crypto Coin, and Bitcoin), using data from September 2020 until February 2022. The study's conclusions are essential for cryptocurrency and NFT issuers and investors in the financial market who are reconfiguring their portfolios with increasing frequency and use these new assets for speculative or hedging purposes based on blockchain technology. The results highlighted relationships between NFTs and Ethereum, Ethereum and Crypto Coin, and Bitcoin and Ethereum, being a bridge between all four. Therefore, NFTs present a relationship with Ethereum, the NFT's price had a causal effect on the price of Ethereum. This study may also help policy-makers and regulators to structure and improve their policies, as cryptocurrencies require multiple risk-mitigation avenues for investors and financial markets. Therefore, the results generate valuable insights and policy ramifications that highlight the benefits of investing in blockchain markets and suggest ways to remove the risks related to this market

Health Services Management

researcher, PHHM senior specialis

Corrigendum to: The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys [Addict. Behav. 102 (2020) 106128] (Addictive Behaviors (2020) 102, (S0306460319304897), (10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106128))

The authors regret that the abovementioned article published online September 16, 2019, had an error in the author affiliations. The edited author affiliations are shown above. The authors also regret that the names of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators were omitted from the end of the article. “The WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD; Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD; Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, MD; Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD; Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD; Lukoye Atwoli, MD, PhD; Corina Benjet, PhD; Guilherme Borges, ScD; Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD; Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD; Brendan Bunting, PhD; Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, MD, PhD; Graça Cardoso, MD, PhD; Somnath Chatterji, MD; Alfredo H. Cia, MD; Louisa Degenhardt, PhD; Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD; Silvia Florescu, MD, PhD; Giovanni de Girolamo, MD; Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych; Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD; Meredith Harris, PhD; Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD; Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD; Peter de Jonge, PhD; Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD; Elie G. Karam, MD; Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc; Ronald C. Kessler, PhD; Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD; Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD; Sing Lee, MB, BS; Jean-Pierre Lepine, MD; John McGrath, MD, PhD; Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD; Zeina Mneimneh, PhD; Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD; Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD; Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD; Jose Posada-Villa, MD; Kate M. Scott, PhD; Tim Slade, PhD; Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD; Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD; Margreet ten Have, PhD; Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC; Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD; Daniel V. Vigo, MD, DrPH; Harvey Whiteford, MBBS, PhD; David R. Williams, MPH, PhD; and Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD.” The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused