Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Weapon Carrying in a Sample of Adolescents From Texas

OBJECTIVES: Studies are beginning to document an association between sleep duration and a range of adolescent delinquent behaviors, including weapon carrying. However, little is known about whether and to what extent sleep quality - another dimension of sleep for healthy adolescent functioning - is associated with weapon carrying. We address this gap in knowledge by evaluating the role of restless sleep and sleep duration in adolescent weapon carrying. METHODS: We analyze data from a diverse sample of 994 adolescents from Texas, USA collected in 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models estimate the association of sleep duration and restless sleep on weapon carrying after controlling for theoretical covariates and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Adolescents sleeping 4 h or less on school nights were more than twice as likely to report carrying a weapon (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.16-4.89, CONCLUSIONS: Our findings align with previous research demonstrating that sleeping 4 or less hours increases the likelihood of adolescent weapon carrying. Restless sleep appears to play less of a role. Future research should elucidate the longitudinal pathways between sleep duration, sleep quality, and forms of adolescent weapon carrying

Intersectional climate justice : A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICUnidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MLocal governments around the world are formulating different ways to address climate change. However, the compounding and overlapping vulnerabilities of historically marginalized residents are commonly tackled in a fragmented manner by conventional adaptation approaches, even when justice is presented as an overarching goal of these plans. In response, we propose an intersectional pivot in climate adaptation research and practice to analyze the interconnected forms of social-environmental injustices that drive vulnerabilities in cities, paving the way for more concrete and integrated strategies of just urban adaptation and transformation. This paper brings together narrative and analytical review methodologies to inform a new conceptual framework that highlights the need to (1) tackle underlying reinforcers of racial and gender inequalities; (2) redress drivers of differential vulnerabilities; (3) take politics and ethics of care seriously; (4) adopt place-based and place-making approaches; and (5) promote cross-identity forms of activism and community resilience building. We illustrate the framework with examples of ongoing projects in Barcelona, Spain, which is an early adopter of intersectional thinking and justice-driven principles in climate action. Although many initiatives are in a pilot phase and do not all exclusively focus on climate adaptation, experiences from Barcelona do provide illustrative directionality for innovative and integrated approaches that can address multiple and intersecting social-environmental inequities

A Quantitative Genetic Analysis of the Associations Among Language Skills, Peer Interactions, and Behavioral Problems in Childhood: Results From a Sample of Twins

A body of empirical research has revealed that there are associations among language skills, peer interactions, and behavioral problems in childhood. At the same time, however, there has been comparatively less research devoted to exploring the mutual unfolding of these factors over the first few years of life. The current study is designed to partially address this gap in the literature by examining how language skills, negative peer interactions, and behavioral problems are interrelated in a sample of twins drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Employing a quantitative genetic framework, the results of the current study revealed that variance in language skills, negative peer interactions, and externalizing behavioral problems were all due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Bivariate Cholesky models indicated that most of the covariance among language skills, negative peer interactions, and externalizing behavioral problems was due to common genetic factors. Additional analyses using a modified DeFries–Fulker approach nested within a path model revealed a bidirectional association between negative peer interactions and externalizing behavioral problems, wherein there appeared to be feedback loops between the two. Implications of the results are discussed and avenues for future research are offered

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with anesthesia: three case reports

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a form of transient, reversible left ventricular dysfunction that can mimic an acute coronary event. However, cardiac catheterization often reveals normal coronary arteries. Patients are often postmenopausal women who experience acute physical or emotional distress. The prognosis for this entity is quite favorable. In this report, we present three cases of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in patients having procedures involving anesthesia. Each case illustrates a different etiology for the syndrome: Patient, procedure, and anesthetic management

The Role of Parenting in the Prediction of Criminal Involvement: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample of Youth and a Sample of Adopted Youth

The role of parenting in the development of criminal behavior has been the source of a vast amount of research, with the majority of studies detecting statistically significant associations between dimensions of parenting and measures of criminal involvement. An emerging group of scholars, however, has drawn attention to the methodological limitations—mainly genetic confounding—of the parental socialization literature. The current study addressed this limitation by analyzing a sample of adoptees to assess the association between 8 parenting measures and 4 criminal justice outcome measures. The results revealed very little evidence of parental socialization effects on criminal behavior before controlling for genetic confounding and no evidence of parental socialization effects on criminal involvement after controlling for genetic confounding

Bostonia: 1998-1999, no. 1, 3-4

Founded in 1900, Bostonia magazine is Boston University's main alumni publication, which covers alumni and student life, as well as university activities, events, and programs

Hdelta-Selected Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: The Catalog

[Abridged] We present here a new and homogeneous sample of 3340 galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) based solely on the observed strength of their Hdelta absorption line. These galaxies are commonly known as ``post-starburst'' or ``E+A'' galaxies, and the study of these galaxies has been severely hampered by the lack of a large, statistical sample of such galaxies. In this paper, we rectify this problem by selecting a sample of galaxies which possess an absorption Hdelta equivalent width of EW(Hdelta_max) - Delta EW(Hdelta_max) > 4A from 106682 galaxies in the SDSS. We have performed extensive tests on our catalog including comparing different methodologies of measuring the Hdelta absorption and studying the effects of stellar absorption, dust extinction, emission-filling and measurement error. The measured abundance of our Hdelta-selected (HDS) galaxies is 2.6 +/- 0.1% of all galaxies within a volume-limited sample of 0.05<z<0.1 and M(r*)<-20.5, which is consistent with previous studies of such galaxies in the literature. We find that only 25 of our HDS galaxies in this volume-limited sample (3.5+/-0.7%) show no evidence for OII and Halpha emission, thus indicating that true E+A (or k+a) galaxies are extremely rare objects at low redshift, i.e., only 0.09+/-0.02% of all galaxies in this volume-limited sample are true E+A galaxies. In contrast, 89+/-5% of our HDS galaxies in the volume-limited sample have significant detections of the OII and Halpha emission lines. We find 27 galaxies in our volume-limited HDS sample that possess no detectable OII emission, but do however possess detectable Halpha emission. These galaxies may be dusty star-forming galaxies. We provide the community with this new catalog of Hdelta-selected galaxies to aid in the understanding of these galaxies.Comment: Submitted to PASJ. Catalog of galaxies available at http://astrophysics.phys.cmu.edu/~tomo/ea

Does Cognitive Dysfunction after Carotid Endarterectomy Vary by Statin Type or Dose?

Abstract Our prev ious work demonstrates that asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy (CEA ) patients demonstrate less perioperative neurologic in jury, defined as stroke and early cognitive dysfunction (eCD) observed within 24h r of CEA, when taking statins pre-operatively. This study examines whether the incidence of eCD observed 24hr after asympto matic CEA varies as a function of statin type or dose. Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis scheduled for CEA consented to participate in an observational IRB-approved study (N=324). Pat ients were evaluated with an extensive battery of neuropsychometric tests pre-operatively and 24hr post-operatively. Of the 324 consented patients, 200 were taking statins. Patients taking pravastatin and fluvastatin exhib ited no eCD, while patients taking lovastatin (17.7%) and rosuvastatin (16.7%) exh ib ited incidences of eCD similar to those not taking statins (20.2%). Patients taking simvastatin exhib ited a significantly lower incidence of eCD than those taking atorvastatin (3.0% vs. 16.0%, P=0.005). Patients taking a maximal dose of any statin exhib ited a significantly lower incidence of eCD than patients taking sub-maximal doses (2.7% vs. 15.9%, P=0.002). These observations suggest that the incidence of eCD may in fact vary as a function of statin type and that maximal doses may be the optimal dose for patients undergoing CEA. This variation may be due to the physico-chemical properties of statins such as lipophilicity, molecu lar size, and b lood brain barrier penetrability. These findings should be used to inspire randomized prospective work to determine the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of optimizing statin use prior to CEA

Buscando refugio : ¿pueden los refugios climáticos abordar vulnerabilidades interseccionales?

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MLos refugios climáticos son infraestructuras urbanas críticas para apoyar la adaptación al cambio climático que ofrecen espacios públicos donde refugiarse durante episodios de temperaturas extremas. Con más de 200 espacios públicos designados como "refugios climáticos", Barcelona permite investigar en qué medida estos espacios están satisfaciendo las necesidades, expectativas y experiencias cotidianas de los residentes más vulnerables. Aplicando un enfoque interseccional y de ciencia ciudadana en un barrio de clase trabajadora particularmente expuesto al calor (La Prosperitat), descubrimos que las necesidades de las poblaciones vulnerables siguen estando mal atendidas, en gran parte debido a diferencias de acceso a medidas para hacer frente al calor, que se superponen con desigualdades sociales, agravando la vulnerabilidad a los riesgos climáticos. También revelamos que los residentes de bajos ingresos y los originarios del Sur Global son los más afectados por la pobreza energética debido a condiciones precarias de vivienda y menor capacidad para hacer frente a las temperaturas extremas. Las mujeres también se vieron más afectadas por los impactos climáticos y están más preocupadas por los riesgos actuales y futuros. Argumentamos que las experiencias vividas de (des)confort térmico y las desigualdades de calor y frío se atribuyen a posiciones sociales interseccionales y vulnerabilidades estructurales. Estas experiencias vividas desiguales se (re)producen debido a una capacidad de adaptación limitada, campañas de comunicación ineficaces y espacios públicos insuficientemente inclusivos, lo que complica la provisión de infraestructuras de refugio equitativas. Los resultados informan al desarrollo de infraestructuras de refugio que aborden las necesidades sociales y climáticas interseccionales de los residentes que más las necesitan.Los refugios climáticos son infraestructuras urbanas críticas para apoyar la adaptación al cambio climático que ofrecen espacios públicos donde refugiarse durante episodios de temperaturas extremas. Con más de 200 espacios públicos designados como "refugios climáticos", Barcelona permite investigar en qué medida estos espacios están satisfaciendo las necesidades, expectativas y experiencias cotidianas de los residentes más vulnerables. Aplicando un enfoque interseccional y de ciencia ciudadana en un barrio de clase trabajadora particularmente expuesto al calor (La Prosperitat), descubrimos que las necesidades de las poblaciones vulnerables siguen estando mal atendidas, en gran parte debido a diferencias de acceso a medidas para hacer frente al calor, que se superponen con desigualdades sociales, agravando la vulnerabilidad a los riesgos climáticos. También revelamos que los residentes de bajos ingresos y los originariosdel Sur Global son los más afectados por la pobreza energética debido a condiciones precarias de vivienda y menor capacidad para hacer frente a las temperaturas extremas. Las mujeres también se vieron más afectadas por los impactos climáticos y están más preocupadas por los riesgos actuales y futuros. Argumentamos que las experiencias vividas de (des)confort térmico y las desigualdades de calor y frío se atribuyen a posiciones sociales interseccionales y vulnerabilidades estructurales. Estas experiencias vividas desiguales se (re)producen debido a una capacidad de adaptación limitada, campañas de comunicación ineficaces y espacios públicos insuficientemente inclusivos, lo que complica la provisión de infraestructuras de refugio equitativas. Los resultados informan al desarrollo de infraestructuras de refugio que aborden las necesidades sociales y climáticas interseccionales de los residentes que más las necesitan