Scoping papers for research on 'The economic and social opportunities from increased cooperation on the shared island'. ESRI Survey and Statistical Report Series 106 May 2021.

The research topics for 2021 under the programme span areas of the services economy, enterprise, health and education on the island and full reports are to be published later this year. These research outputs which will add to the understanding of current and potential linkages across the island of Ireland in a range of economic, social and environmental areas

Telehealth Delivery of a Multi-Disciplinary Rehabilitation Programme for Upper Gastro-Intestinal Cancer: ReStOre@Home Feasibility Study

Advances in diagnosis and the treatment for upper gastro-intestinal (UGI) cancers have led to improved survival rates and, consequently, to a larger population of survivors of many types of UGI cancer [1,2]. Progress in survivorship care for UGI cancer remains poor, and many survivors experience ongoing negative physical and psychosocial impacts of treatment, which can have profound and long-term impacts on physical function and quality of life (QOL) [3,4]. At one year post-op, 40% of survivors report poor physical function, and significant reductions in walking distance, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength are observed, along with a high prevalence of fatigue (41%), sarcopenia (35%) and dyspnoea (20%) [5–7]. Nutritional compromise in UGI cancer survivors is frequently reported, with eating restrictions are observed in 49% at 1 year post-surgery and malabsorption in 73% at two years post-op [6,8]. This can lead to significant reductions in fat-free body mass and skeletal muscle [8]. From a psychosocial perspective, anxiety (36%), fear of recurrence (29%) and high rates of sleep difficulties (51%) are reported. An integrated, multi-disciplinary specialist rehabilitation approach focusing on patient-centred outcomes is indicated to address the substantial, complex, multi-dimensional rehabilitation needs of UGI cancer survivors and to enable them to achieve the best possible quality of life and to reintegrate into family, social and working life [9–12]

Rehabilitation strategies following oesophagogastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer (ReStOre II) : a protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Curative treatment for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) and hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) cancers, involves complex surgical resection often in combination with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemo/chemoradiotherapy. With advancing survival rates, there is an emergent cohort of UGI and HPB cancer survivors with physical and nutritional deficits, resultant from both the cancer and its treatments. Therefore, rehabilitation to counteract these impairments is required to maximise health related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivorship. The initial feasibility of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for UGI survivors was established in the Rehabilitation Strategies following Oesophago-gastric Cancer (ReStOre) feasibility study and pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). ReStOre II will now further investigate the efficacy of that programme as it applies to a wider cohort of UGI and HPB cancer survivors, namely survivors of cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, and liver. METHODS: The ReStOre II RCT will compare a 12-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme of supervised and self-managed exercise, dietary counselling, and education to standard survivorship care in a cohort of UGI and HPB cancer survivors who are > 3-months post-oesophagectomy/ gastrectomy/ pancreaticoduodenectomy, or major liver resection. One hundred twenty participants (60 per study arm) will be recruited to establish a mean increase in the primary outcome (cardiorespiratory fitness) of 3.5 ml/min/kg with 90% power, 5% significance allowing for 20% drop out. Study outcomes of physical function, body composition, nutritional status, HRQOL, and fatigue will be measured at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 3-months follow-up (T2). At 1-year follow-up (T3), HRQOL alone will be measured. The impact of ReStOre II on well-being will be examined qualitatively with focus groups/interviews (T1, T2). Bio-samples will be collected from T0-T2 to establish a national UGI and HPB cancer survivorship biobank. The cost effectiveness of ReStOre II will also be analysed. DISCUSSION: This RCT will investigate the efficacy of a 12-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for survivors of UGI and HPB cancer compared to standard survivorship care. If effective, ReStOre II will provide an exemplar model of rehabilitation for UGI and HPB cancer survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT03958019, date registered: 21/05/2019

Patient and Family Co-Developed Participant Information to Improve Recruitment Rates, Retention, and Patient Understanding in the Rehabilitation Strategies Following Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStOre II) trial: Protocol for a Study within a Trial (SWAT)

Background: Whilst the potential benefits of exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship are plentiful, recruitment to survivorship rehabilitation trials remains suboptimal. There is growing evidence that Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) initiatives can increase the rate of recruitment to research. This study within a trial (SWAT) will examine if participant information co-developed by patients and their families can lead to greater recruitment rates, retention and understanding of the Rehabilitation Strategies in Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStORe II) trial when compared to standard participant information. Methods: This SWAT will be carried out over two phases. Phase I will utilise qualitative methods to develop (Phase Ia) and refine (Phase Ib) the new participant information. Phase Ia will recruit up to 20 survivors of upper gastrointestinal or hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer, or family members of these patients to take part in a focus group or interview to develop the new participant information. Focus groups interviews will be recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. In Phase Ib, participants will return for a second focus group/interview to refine the patient and family co-developed participant information. Once finalised the patient and family co-developed participant information will be submitted to ethics for approval. In Phase II, potential participants for the ReStOre II trial will be randomly assigned to receive either the standard or patient and family co-developed participant information. The two forms of participant information will be compared by recruitment and retention rates, and participant understanding of the trial (Decision-making Questionnaire). Discussion: We anticipate that engaging with patients and their families to develop participant information will help to increase patient understanding of the ReStOre II trial and therefore recruitment and retention rates. The results of this SWAT will indicate the usefulness of this strategy for optimising recruitment to exercise rehabilitation trials in cancer survivorship. Registration: This SWAT has been registered with the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store [SWAT-100]. Keywords SWAT, public and patient involvement, participant information, recruitment, retention, trial understanding

Examining students’ preferences for academic writing support in a third level institute in Ireland.

Academic writing support has become an integral part of the learning process at third level. At Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands (TUS: Midlands), the Academic Writing Centre (AWC) offers individual and group support to all 5,000 learners attending the institute. Historically, all support was provided face-to-face, but due to Covid-19 it moved online in March 2020 and since then the service has been available through a combination of remote and face-to-face delivery. Learners attending the AWC during three academic years were asked to outline their preferences on the provision of support: face-to-face, online or a combination of both. The findings highlight that in the 2019 – 2020 academic year the majority of students expressed a preference for face-to-face contact with writing tutors, while in the 2020 –2021 academic year there was increased preference for working remotely or a combination of face-to-face and remote delivery. Then, in the 2021 – 2022 academic year, there was a shift back to a preference for face-to-face delivery. Learners were also asked to identify specific areas where they needed academic writing support. The results show that in each academic year the area where students required most support was writing structure. Grammar and punctuation, referencing and paraphrasing, language and writing literature reviews were also among the main areas where academic writing support was requested by learners

A sociological examination of the changes to the work practices of journalists in Ireland - 2010 to 2020

Journalists’ work practices in Ireland have changed, amid shifts in media consumption patterns, advances in technology and a decrease in newspaper circulation. Journalists are now required to be more flexible and multi-skilled and are experiencing heavier workloads. This research examined the causes and impact of those changes to work practices on Journalists, the media industry, and, crucially, on wider society.This research utilised the Political Economy of Media (PEM) approach which provides the lens through which we can critically understand how media works. My research examined the impact of eight specific areas which affect Journalists’ work practices: namely, technological developments, new media logic, interactive Journalism and user-generated content, demands in daily work, multi-skilling, constant deadlines and accuracy, creative opportunities versus formatting and editorial independence.A qualitative approach was adopted and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 25 media professionals in Ireland. The findings of this research indicate that due to the relentless drive for profit maximisation, the result is insufficient time and resources available to run newsrooms adequately. This means ‘desk’ Journalism is prioritised over ‘field’ reporting, while the battle between accuracy and immediacy is placing Journalists under immense pressure and this also affects the quality of content produced and disseminated. Also, there is insufficient focus by media organisations on time intensive Journalism i.e. investigative Journalism – which potentially impacts on everyone’s lives – and this influences how ordinary citizens understand the world around them.This thesis argues that the ability of Journalism to hold the powerful to account is diminishing. Journalism, in its current trajectory, does not fulfil its Fourth Estate or ‘watchdog’ function, and critically, this influences people’s understanding of society, as this research outlines.</p

Trophic ecology of black scabbardfish, Aphanopus carbo in the NE Atlantic—Assessment through stomach content and stable isotope analyses

The black scabbardfish is a deep water species of high commercial interest in the NE Atlantic. Specimens were collected from commercial trawls to the west of the British Isles and from longliners operating near Madeira between September 2008 and May 2010. Stomach content analysis was confined to samples from the northern area, because of a high number of empty stomachs from Madeira. Stable isotope analyses identified that black scabbardfish feeds on species with epipelagic and benthopelagic affinities. For the west of British Isles, the ?N values were significantly different between seasons suggesting a change in the diet throughout the year. Black scabbardfish have higher ?N and ?C values compared with other co-occurring benthopelagic feeders and lower nitrogen values than the true benthic predators and/or scavengers. Comparison with stable isotope analysis in samples from Madeira indicated that black scabbardfish feed at a similar trophic level and has the same trophic niche width in both areas, assuming similar baseline isotope compositions. The diet in the northern area comprised fish (68% N), crustaceans (22% N) and cephalopods (15% N) with blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) constituting 40% of the prey. Seasonal shift in diet was observed, with a predominance of blue whiting (70%) in the first quarter of the year, shifting to a more diverse diet in the remainder of the year. These results indicate that the diet of black scabbardfish is closely linked with the seasonal migration of blue whiting and that they likely select prey in proportion to availability. This study demonstrates that the combined used of both methods can elucidate the trophic ecology of black scabbardfish, in situations where conventional methods alone provide insufficient data