Fruit Wine Obtained from Melon by-Products: Physico-Chemical and Sensory Analysis, and Characterization of Key Aromas by GC-MS

About 20% of fresh fruits and vegetables are rejected for not meeting the superficial aesthetic standards (color, shape, and size). Part of the food production is not used in the human food chain. The transformation of these fresh products into novel re-valuable ones is a challenge for a sustainable food industry. This research studies an alcoholic fermentation fruit-based wine from two melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars: Jimbee® (smooth and yellow skin with orange flesh) and Okashi® (netted yellow-orange skin with pale green flesh). The melon juice (must) was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and enriched in sucrose and organic acids to achieve alcoholic fermentation, acidity, and flavors, obtaining a fruity-flavored and dry melon-based wine with 10° alcoholic grade, in both melon cultivars. The volatile compounds were measured by GC-MS and the odor activity value (OAV) was calculated. The Jimbee and Okashi melon wines increased their aromatic profile due to an increment in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters such as ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl decanoate (OAV > 1), which contributed to the fruity aroma. Other volatile compounds such as ethyl 9-decenoate and phenethyl acetate (OAV > 1) appeared in the Okashi wine, which brought a floral aroma. For sensory evaluation (40–100), the Jimbee cultivar, with its orange flesh, scored 68.2 and the Okashi cultivar, with pale green flesh, scored 82.8, which was the preferred melon-based wine. This is an example of a circular economy model to produce a fruit-based wine with commercial potential and satisfactory sensory evaluation.This research was funded by RTI2018-099139-B-C21 project from Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain)—National Research Agency (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, of the European Union and by 21645/PDC/21 project from “Fundación Séneca” of Murcia Region (Spain). José Angel Salas-Millán acknowledges financial support for “Industrial PhD” grant (DIN2019-010837) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation and JimboFresh International Company. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper

Functional food obtained from fermentation of broccoli by-products (stalk): Metagenomics profile and glucosinolate and phenolic compounds characterization by LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS

This research revalues broccoli stalk by-product as a novel fermented health food, using its autochthonous microbiota. Broccoli stalk slices were packed into glass jars, brine was added (6% w/v), and two dressings were studied: garlic, and mustard seeds. No dressing was used as control. Natural fermentation was carried out at 25 ◦C for 6 days followed by a further 6 days storage at 4 ◦C. The identification of individual glucosinolates and phenolic compounds was performed by LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. At day 3, the highest content in functional compounds such as glucoerucin and indolic glucosinolates as glucobrassicin, 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin and 4- hidroxy-glucobrassicin, and phenolic acids and flavonoids as sinapic acid, 4-O-feruloyl quinic acid and quercetin-3-O-diglucoside was found. At day 6, the broccoli stalks reached the maximum counts in lactic acid bacteria (>8 log cfu g- 1), remaining stable until day 12 at 4 ◦C, including as the main genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. Metagenomic analysis identified 1009 bacteria genera; Latilactobacillus sakei was the most predominant lactic acid bacteria species, followed by Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc kimchi and Leuconostoc carnosum. This is an example of a vegan and functional food product, based on a circular economy model, using broccoli by-products.This research was funded by RTI2018-099139-B-C21 from Ministry of Science and Innovation - National Research Agency (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, of the “European Union”. José-Angel Salas-Millán acknowledges financial support from an “Industrial PhD” grant (DIN2019-010837) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation and JimboFresh International SLL

A method healthy gymnastics school age: the aesthetic group gymnastics

Los hábitos posturales se forman y consolidan durante la infancia y la adolescencia, habiéndose registrado en las últimas décadas un aumento notable de los problemas de dolor de espalda y desalineaciones del raquis cada vez a más temprana edad, posiblemente debido a desequilibrios musculares. En este contexto se presenta la Gimnasia Estética de Grupo (GEG), especialidad que nace durante el movimiento gimnástico de principios del siglo XIX en el norte de Europa, y a la que estudios recientes le atribuyen beneficios notables sobre la salud postural. Además de las trasferencias educativas y de valores que están asociadas a las diferentes modalidades deportivas gimnásticas, esta modalidad deportiva artística, expresiva y grupal se apoya en un reglamento deportivo especialmente cuidado para potenciar la adquisición de hábitos posturales e higiénicos beneficiosos para la salud del raquis de los gimnastas.The postural habits are consolidated during childhood and adolescence. It has been recorded in the last decades a significant increase of the back pain and spinal misalignments increasingly at younger ages, possibly due to muscle imbalances. In this context, the Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (GEG), sport that born during the early nineteenth century in northern Europe, to whom recent studies attribute significant health and postural benefits. In addition to the educational values that are associated with different gymnastic sports, this artistic, expressive and group sport is based on a especially careful regulation that promote the acquisition of beneficial postural and hygiene habits.peerReviewe

UNA MODALIDAD SALUDABLE DE GIMNASIA EN EDAD ESCOLAR: LA GIMNASIA ESTÉTICA DE GRUPO [A method healthy gymnastics school age: the aesthetic group gymnastics]

Los hábitos posturales se forman y consolidan durante la infancia y la adolescencia, habiéndose registrado en las últimas décadas un aumento notable de los problemas de dolor de espalda y desalineaciones del raquis cada vez a más temprana edad, posiblemente debido a desequilibrios musculares. En este contexto se presenta la Gimnasia Estética de Grupo (GEG), especialidad que nace durante el movimiento gimnástico de principios del siglo XIX en el norte de Europa, y a la que estudios recientes le atribuyen beneficios notables sobre la salud postural. Además de las trasferencias educativas y de valores que están asociadas a las diferentes modalidades deportivas gimnásticas, esta modalidad deportiva artística, expresiva y grupal se apoya en un reglamento deportivo especialmente cuidado para potenciar la adquisición de hábitos posturales e higiénicos beneficiosos para la salud del raquis de los gimnastas. Abstract The postural habits are consolidated during childhood and adolescence. It has been recorded in the last decades a significant increase of the back pain and spinal misalignments increasingly at younger ages, possibly due to muscle imbalances. In this context, the Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (GEG), sport that born during the early nineteenth century in northern Europe, to whom recent studies attribute significant health and postural benefits. In addition to the educational values that are associated with different gymnastic sports, this artistic, expressive and group sport is based on a especially careful regulation that promote the acquisition of beneficial postural and hygiene habits

CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS DE INTERÉS TAXONÓMICO DE LOS FLEBOTOMOS (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA

El estudio de un elevado número de ejemplares de flebotomos de la península ibérica, ha permitido poner de manifiesto una serie de caracteres morfológicos que presentan variación con las especies y que tienen interés taxonómico. Estos caracteres son los filamentos genitales y noveno segmento de los machos y la región distal de los conductos de las espermatecas y la estructura de las faringes de las hembras, observadas tras su disección fina

La gimnasia estética de grupo, un nuevo modelo de competición

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the historical origins, the technical characteristics and the key aspects of the regulation of a new and relatively unknown sport; the Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (GEG). This sport, which origin is in the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden in the 18th century, serves the society to especially encourage women to physical activity and maintain it over time. This call is still in force, and for about 10 years was introduced in our country and there is a considerable increase in the practice of the same among the female children and adolescents. This sport is implanted in Spain in response to the strict requirements of the International Regulations that gives priority to the health aspects. The GEG is defined as a sport based on the stylized and natural body movement, which combines and enhances qualities like dynamism, rhythm and harmony of movements performed with economic and natural use of force. It is an expression, art and feeling become competitive sport. All of this done by a group of athletes flowing aesthetic and synchronized movement. We analyse the technique and the most important characteristics of this sport that allows to understand the differences between itself and the rhythmic gymnastics.El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los orígenes históricos, las características técnicas y los aspectos claves del reglamento de una modalidad deportiva relativamente desconocida y novedosa como es la Gimnasia Estética de Grupo (GEG). En este contexto, la GEG originaria de los países nórdicos, especialmente Finlandia y Suecia en el siglo XVIII, sirve a la sociedad para motivar especialmente a las mujeres a la práctica de actividad física y mantenerla en el tiempo. Aún está vigente esta llamada, y desde hace unos 10 años se introdujo en nuestro país existiendo un incremento considerable en la práctica de la misma entre la población infantil y juvenil femenina. Se implanta en España atendiendo a las exigencias estrictas del Reglamento Internacional, que priman los aspectos saludables. La GEG se define como una disciplina deportiva basada en el movimiento estilizado y natural del cuerpo, que combina y realza cualidades como el dinamismo, el ritmo y la armonía de los movimientos realizados con el uso económico y natural de la fuerza. Es expresión, arte y sentimiento convertido en deporte de competición. Todo ello, realizado por un grupo de deportistas del que fluye un movimiento estético y sincronizado. Analizaremos su técnica y se detallarán las características más importantes de este deporte que lo lleva a diferenciarse de la gimnasia rítmica deportiva

Reusable plastic crates (RPCs) for fresh produce (case study on cauliflowers): Sustainable packaging but potential salmonella survival and risk of cross-contamination

The handling of fresh fruits and vegetables in reusable plastic crates (RPCs) has the potential to increase the sustainability of packaging in the fresh produce supply chain. However, the utilization of multiple-use containers can have consequences related to the microbial safety of this type of food. The present study assessed the potential cross-contamination of fresh cauliflowers with Salmonella enterica via different contact materials (polypropylene from RPCs, corrugated cardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) from wooden boxes). Additionally, the survival of the pathogenic microorganism was studied in cauliflowers and the contact materials during storage. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to evaluate the environmental impact of produce handling containers made from the different food-contact materials tested. The results show a higher risk of cross-contamination via polypropylene compared with cardboard and MDF. Another outcome of the study is the potential of Salmonella for surviving both in cross-contaminated produce and in contact materials under supply chain conditions. Regarding environmental sustainability, RPCs have a lower environmental impact than single-use containers (cardboard and wooden boxes). To exploit the potential environmental benefits of RPCs while ensuring food safety, it is necessary to guarantee the hygiene of this type of container.his research was funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (FEDER/MICINN-AEI), project RTI2018- 099139-B-C21. Laura Rasines is grateful for the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the “Ayudas para contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctors 2019” Program [PRE2019-090573]

Modificación del método de las placas adhesivas amarillas para bioensayos de insecticidas en Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

[ESP] Se ha desarrollado un método para realizar bioensayos de resistencia a insecticidas en adultos de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), tanto en laboratorio y como en campo. El método es una variación de un sistema ya establecido, simplificando el equipo necesario para su elaboración. Se han realizado bioensayos con este método en una población de laboratorio y en poblaciones de campo, resultando en una relación significativa entre la concentración del insecticida (endosulfán y metomilo) y la mortalidad. La sencillez del método, el bajo coste del material necesario y su eficiente aplicabilidad en campo, lo hacen idóneo para programas de seguimiento de la resistencia a insecticidas de las poblaciones de B. tabaci, siendo aplicable a otras especies. [ENG] A field and laboratory bioassay method to test insecticide resistance for adults of Bemisia tabaci has been developed. This method is a modification of a technique, by simplification of the material required. This method has been tested with a sensitive laboratory strain and with several field populations, yielding in a significant relationship between the concentration of the insecticide (endosulfan and methomyl) and the mortality. This easy, low-cost and accurate method is very useful for monitoring insecticide resistance in field populations of B. tabaci, even of others species

Guía de especies vegetales de la cuenca mediterránea aptas para revegetación: Adecuación para zonas degradadas y contaminadas

La guía contiene información de especies de plantas de la cuenca mediterránea, adecuadas para utilizar en revegetación de zonas degradadas y/o contaminadas con presencia de metales pesados, siguiendo diferentes criterios medioambientales y paisajísticos y estableciendo recomendaciones o restricciones para su implantación y crecimiento, sin necesidad de recurrir a la utilización de especies exóticas con potencial invasor. Para cada especie se proporciona información abreviada de las principales características que las hacen aptas para su uso en los diferentes entornos. Finalmente se establecen cinco modelos de asociaciones paisajísticas para usar en diferentes zonas y con diferentes condiciones medioambientales

ESTUDIO DE LAS POBLACIONES DE FLEBOTOMOS (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID (ESPAÑA)

A study dealing with phlebotomine sandflies in the Madrid community (Central Spain) has been carried out. A total of 31.161 specimens belonging to seven species were capturated. The two species Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani, 1843) and Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 are the most abundant and widespread among these. The presence of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930 and Phlebotomus langeroni Nitzulescu, 1930 have been reported for the first time in the Madrid province. Some aspects dealing with the sandflies populations such as specific richness and frecuence as well as interspecific affinity and specific diversity are treated. These results provide information about the structure and dynamics of phlebotomine sandflies populations in the Madrid province.En el estudio entomológico sobre flebotomos, llevado a cabo en la Comunidad de Madrid, se capturó un total de 31.161 ejemplares pertenecientes a 7 especies. Entre estas especies cabe destacar Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani, 1843) y Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911, como las especies más abundantes y comunes. Así mismo se aportan tres nuevas especies a la lista de flebotomos de la provincia de Madrid: Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930 y Phlebotomus langeroni Nitzulescu, 1930. Se estudian diferentes aspectos de las comunidades de flebotomos: riqueza específica, frecuencia, convivencia, afinidad interespecífica y diversidad específica, lo que permite conocer, en parte, la estructura de dichas comunidades