44 research outputs found
Comprehensive Demonstration of Spin-Hall Hanle Effects in Epitaxial Pt Thin Films
We demonstrate a nonlinear Hall effect due to the boundary spin accumulation
in Pt films grown on Al2O3 substrates. This Hall effect and the previously
demonstrated Hanle magnetoresistance provide a complete picture of the
spin-precession control of the spin and charge transport at the boundary of a
spin-orbit coupled material, which we refer to as spin-Hall Hanle effects
(SHHE). We also show that the SHHE can be employed to measure the spin
diffusion length, the spin-Hall angle, and the spin relaxation time of heavy
metal without the need of magnetic interface or the input from other
measurements. The comprehensive demonstration of SHHE in such a simple system
suggests they may be ubiquitous and needs to be considered for unravelling the
spin and charge transport in more complex thin film structures of spin-orbit
coupled materials
Giant interfacial spin-Hall angle from Rashba-Edelstein effect revealed by the spin-Hall Hanle processes
The Rashba-Edelstein effect (REE), which generates interfacial spin
polarization and subsequent spin current, is a compelling spin-charge
conversion mechanism for spintronics applications, since it is not limited by
the elemental spin-orbit coupling. In this work, we demonstrate REE at
Pt/ferroelectric interfaces using the recently elucidated spin-Hall Hanle
effects (SHHE), in which a Larmor precession of spin polarization in a
diffusion process from the interface manifest as magnetoresistance and Hall
effect. We show that REE leads to a three-fold enhancement of the effective
spin Hall angle in ferroelectric interface Pt/h-LuFeO3 compared to that of Pt
/Al2O3, although the difference in the spin relaxation time is negligible.
Modeling using SHHEs involving REE as an additional source of interfacial
polarization suggests that REE can lead to an interfacial spin Hall angle
(~0.3) that is one order of magnitude larger than the bulk value of Pt. Our
results demonstrate that a ferroelectric interface can produce large
spin-charge conversion and that SHHEs are a sensitive tool for characterizing
interfacial spin transport properties
The benefits of participatory methodologies to develop effective community dialogue in the context of a microbicide trial feasibility study in Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: As part of a microbicide trial feasibility study among women at high-risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Mwanza City, northern Tanzania we used participatory research tools to facilitate open dialogue and partnership between researchers and study participants. METHODS: A mobile community-based sexual & reproductive health service was established in ten city wards. Wards were divided into seventy-eight geographical clusters and representatives at cluster and ward level elected in a process facilitated by the projects Community Liaison Officer. A city-level Community Advisory Committee (CAC) with representatives from each ward was established. Workshops and community meetings at ward and city-level were conducted to explore project-related concerns using tools adapted from participatory learning and action techniques such as listing, scoring, ranking, chapatti diagrams and pair-wise matrices. RESULTS: Key issues identified included beliefs that blood specimens were being sold for witchcraft purposes; worries about specula not being clean; inadequacy of transport allowances; and delays in reporting laboratory test results to participants. To date, the project has responded by inviting members of the CAC to visit the laboratory to observe how blood and genital specimens are prepared; demonstrated the use of the autoclave to community representatives; raised reimbursement levels; introduced HIV rapid testing in the clinic; and streamlined laboratory reporting procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Participatory techniques were instrumental in promoting meaningful dialogue between the research team, study participants and community representatives in Mwanza, allowing researchers and community representatives to gain a shared understanding of project-related priority areas for intervention
Manoel Ferreira de Araújo Guimarães, a Academia Real Militar do Rio de Janeiro e a definição de um gênero científico no Brasil em inícios do século XIX
Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK): an international, randomised, controlled trial
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
High Speed Document Clustering In Reconfigurable Hardware
High-performance document clustering systems enable similar documents to be automatically organized into groups
HIGH SPEED DOCUMENT CLUSTERING IN RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE
High-performance document clustering systems enable similar documents to automatically self-organize into groups. In the past, the large amount of computational time needed to cluster documents prevented practical use of such systems with a large number of documents. A full hardware implementation of K-means clustering has been designed and implemented in reconfigurable hardware that clusters 512k documents rapidly. This implementation, uses a cosine distance metric to cluster document vectors that each have 4000 dimensions. The system was synthesized on a Xilinx XC4VLX200 with a clock frequency of 250 MHz. With this FPGA the hardware accelerated algorithm runs up to 328 times faster than the software version running on an Intel 3.6 GHz Xeon. Experiments were also performed using the Field Programmable Port Extender (FPX) platform. It is shown that a fully pipelined architecture running on a Xilinx XCV2000E-8 FPGA (with a clock frequency of 80 Mhz) can outperform software implementations running on an Intel 3.60 GHz PC by a factor of twenty-six. 1
Computer-assisted discovery and rational synthesis of ternary oxides
Exploratory synthesis has been the main generator of new inorganic materials for decades. However, our Edisonian and bias-prone processes of synthetic exploration alone are no longer sufficient in an age that demands rapid advances in materials development. In this work, we demonstrate one of the first end-to-end attempts towards systematic, computer-aided discovery and laboratory synthesis of inorganic crystalline compounds as a modern alternative to purely exploratory synthesis. Our approach initializes materials discovery campaigns by autonomously mapping the synthetic feasibility of a chemical system using density functional theory with AI feedback. Following expert-driven down-selection of newly generated phases, we use solid-state synthesis and in situ characterization via hot-stage X-ray diffraction in order to realize new ternary oxide phases experimentally. We applied this strategy in six ternary transition-metal oxide chemistries previously considered well-explored, one of which culminated in the discovery of two novel phases of calcium ruthenates. Detailed characterization using room temperature X-ray powder diffraction, 4D-STEM and SQUID measurements identify the structure, composition and confirm distinct properties, including distinct defect concentrations, of one of the new phases formed in our experimental campaigns. While the discovery of a new material guided by AI and DFT theory represents a milestone, our procedure and results also highlight a number of critical gaps in the process that can inform future efforts towards the improvement of AI-coupled methodologies, which are discussed
Hybrid magnonics in hybrid perovskite antiferromagnets
Recently there has been interest in exploring the coupling between magnons for use in information processing, however, this is hampered by the fact that such coupling is forbidden due to the different parity of the acoustic and optical magnons. Here, Comstock et al show that the interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-Interaction in a layered hybrid antiferromagnet can allow for strong coupling between the acoustic and optical magnons, offering a pathway for magnon coherent information processing