Functional Traits Linked to Pathogen Prevalence in Wild Bee Communities

Reports of pollinator declines have prompted efforts to understand contributing factors and protect vulnerable species. While pathogens can be widespread in bee communities, less is known about factors shaping pathogen prevalence among species. Functional traits are often used to predict susceptibility to stressors, including pathogens, in other species-rich communities. Here, we evaluated the relationship between bee functional traits (body size, phenology, nesting location, sociality, and foraging choice) and prevalence of trypanosomes, neogregarines, and the microsporidian Nosema ceranae in wild bee communities. For the most abundant bee species in our system, Bombus impatiens, we also evaluated the relationship between intra-specific size variation and pathogen prevalence. A trait-based model fit the neogregarine prevalence data better than a taxa-based model, while the taxonomic model provided a better model fit for N. ceranae prevalence, and there was no marked difference between the models for trypanosome prevalence. We found that Augochlorella aurata was more likely to harbor trypanosomes than many other bee taxa. Similarly, we found that bigger bees and those with peak activity later in the season were less likely to harbor trypanosomes, though the effect of size was largely driven by A. aurata. We found no clear intra-specific size patterns for pathogen prevalence in B. impatiens. These results indicate that functional traits are not always better than taxonomic affinity in predicting pathogen prevalence, but can help to explain prevalence depending on the pathogen in species-rich bee communities

ETD Formatting and Reviewing: Hot Topics and Questions

One of the most important products from university graduate programs is highly qualified professionals. Ultimately, student success is one measure of a university’s academic quality. But another measure of academic quality is the institution’s online continuous display of ETDs. This display is a public picture of content and style representing the students and their university. Thus, ETD administrators are tasked not only with the format reviews but also the continuous improvements in all aspects of the ETD workflow to ensure the integrity of their institutions’ public-facing ETDs. To facilitate the plenary discussion about ETD formatting and reviewing for differentsized institutions at the USETDA Conference, each chapter of this manuscript, except for one, provides a brief ETD administrator sketch of their university ETD formatting and review process that produces varying numbers of ETDs per year. The additional chapter, provided by the Overleaf panelist, describes how the Overleaf free tool-set can support the ETD formatting and review process. This information along with a Q & C survey (Questions and Comments) is available to all USETDA conference registrants prior to the conference for their questions and comments. Asking questions or providing as many comments as possible prior to the panel discussion will help to make this program a successful event. We invite you to consider the following questions and thoughts as you review the information: • Is ETD capacity tied to ETD process management, or is it only tied to the human financial support of these programs? • Does your university consider its ETD formatting and review process to be an asset or a liability? • How is your ETD program organized? • How well is your review process working? • Do you have enough support relative to reviews and reviewers to produce high quality and reader functional digital manuscripts? • How do the campus-wide stakeholders coordinate their efforts to assist students and faculty with ETD creation, formatting, and review? • Does your university invest in innovative ETDs? • Is the quantity of ETDs produced inversely proportional to quality? • What criteria should we consider in efforts to improve styles (formatting) and reader functions? • What role should ETD administrators play in improving the universities’ ETD products? Collecting ETD formatting and reviewing information allows administrators and institutional ETD stakeholders to examine different university methods, and question, comment, or make suggestions. By actively participating in this panel discussion, we hope you will be better equipped to provide constructive advice with documented examples to your own stakeholders and for your own ETD programs. This manuscript will be expanded after the 2022 USETDA conference to integrate gaps brought up during the plenary discussion. Subsequently, each of the initial chapters in this manuscript will be finalized as the first version of this e-book to recognize the original authors’ contributions. It is our intention that this e-book will be presented as an open project. After the first version has been published, we invite ETD administrators and universities to participate in this project by submitting a chapter about their own practices. This e-book will be constantly evolving as contributions are accepted and authors’ updates are provided annually

INTREPID:single- versus multiple-inhaler triple therapy for COPD in usual clinical practice

INTRODUCTION: Real-world trial data comparing single- with multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) in COPD patients are currently lacking. The effectiveness of once-daily single-inhaler fluticasone furoate (FF)/umeclidinium (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) and MITT were compared in usual clinical care. METHODS: INTREPID was a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV effectiveness study comparing FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 µg via the ELLIPTA inhaler with a clinician's choice of any approved non-ELLIPTA MITT in usual COPD clinical practice in five European countries. Primary end-point was proportion of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) responders (≥2-unit decrease in CAT score from baseline) at week 24. Secondary end-points in a subpopulation included change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and percentage of patients making at least one critical error in inhalation technique at week 24. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS: 3092 patients were included (FF/UMEC/VI n=1545; MITT n=1547). The proportion of CAT responders at week 24 was significantly greater with FF/UMEC/VI versus non-ELLIPTA MITT (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.51; p<0.001) and mean change from baseline in FEV(1) was significantly greater with FF/UMEC/VI (77 mL versus 28 mL; treatment difference 50 mL, 95% CI 26–73 mL; p<0.001). The percentage of patients with at least one critical error in inhalation technique was low in both groups (FF/UMEC/VI 6%; non-ELLIPTA MITT 3%). Safety profiles, including incidence of pneumonia serious adverse events, were similar between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In a usual clinical care setting, treatment with once-daily single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI resulted in significantly more patients gaining health status improvement and greater lung function improvement versus non-ELLIPTA MITT

The Grizzly, March 24, 1992

Sororities Honored for Participation in Blood Drive • Economist Speaks on Recession • Sailing on the Chesapeake • U.S.G.A. Minutes • Consider Women\u27s Studies Next Semester • Senior Class: Please Give • Fraternity Pledging Ends • Admitted Students Reception • Precipitation Indication • Maquette Exhibit • Movie Review: Hot Shots • New Sculpture Exhibit to Open • Movie Review: My Cousin Vinny • CAB Performers Humor and Hypnotize • Touchstone Ensemble\u27s Interpretation of Candide • Stop Complaining; Start Conserving • Letters: More Responses to Airband Controversy • (Sic)\u27em: A Concern Over Grizzly Policy • Men and Women Swimmers End Season • Derstine, Cauley at Nationals • Freshman Power and the Liberty Bell • Gymnasts Finish Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1293/thumbnail.jp

Soil Change: Impacts and Responses

Peer reviewe

Bunker Hill, ID : ecological restoration

The Bunker Hill Superfund site in Idaho is the second largest in the nation. From smelting operations, soils on the mountainsides became severely acidic and contaminated with high concentrations of metals. Erosion from these hillsides, as well as an estimated 70 million tonnes of mine tailings were purposely dumped into the river; potentially depositing up to 700 million tonnes of contaminated sediment to the river. USDA, U of Washington, U of Idaho, and the Northwest Biosolids Management Association members installed Phases I and II of this demonstration in spring and fall 1997, consisting of surface application of "supermulch" to tailings and steep, eroded hillsides. Biosolids from King County, Everett, Tacoma and Cowlitz County, WA, and Post Falls, Hayden, and Coeur d'Alêne, ID were mixed with wood ash from Washington Water Power, Louisiana Pacific or Kimberly- Clark. Plant establishment has been dramatic, as well as there being reestablishment of soil microbial communities and evidence of wildlife usage, suggesting that these treatments are highly successful in revegetation and erosion control.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe

Blood eosinophils and treatment response with triple and dual combination therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of the IMPACT trial

Previous studies have highlighted a relationship between reduction in rate of exacerbations with therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and baseline blood eosinophil count in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The IMPACT trial showed that once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy significantly reduced exacerbations versus dual therapies. Blood eosinophil counts and smoking status could be important modifiers of treatment response to ICS. We aimed to model these relationships and their interactions, including outcomes other than exacerbations