53 research outputs found
Tick Salivary Gland Extract Induces Alpha-Gal Syndrome In Alpha-Gal Deficient Mice
Introduction: Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by delayed hypersensitivity to non-primate mammalian meat in people having specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose. AGS has been linked to tick bites from Amblyomma americanum (Aa) in the U.S. A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha-gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS.
Methods: Eight- to ten-weeks old mice with a targeted inactivation of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) were injected intradermally with 50âÎŒg of Aa tick salivary gland extract (TSGE) on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 42, and 49. Total IgE and alpha-gal sIgE were quantitated on Day 56 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were challenged orally with 400âmg of cooked pork kidney homogenate or pork fat. Reaction severity was assessed by measuring a drop in core body temperature and scoring allergic signs.
Results: Compared to control animals, mice treated with TSGE had 190-fold higher total IgE on Day 56 (0.60â±â0.12âng/ml vs. 113.2â±â24.77âng/ml; pâ\u3c 0.001). Alpha-gal sIgE was also produced in AGKO mice following TSGE sensitization (undetected vs. 158.4â±â72.43âpg/ml). Further, sensitized mice displayed moderate clinical allergic signs along with a drop in core body temperature of â„2°C as an objective measure of a systemic allergic reaction. Interestingly, female mice had higher total IgE responses to TSGE treatment but male mice had larger declines in mean body temperature.
Conclusion: TSGE-sensitized AGKO mice generate sIgE to alpha-gal and demonstrate characteristic allergic responses to pork fat and pork kidney. In keeping with the AGS responses documented in humans, mice reacted more rapidly to organ meat than to high fat pork challenge. This mouse model establishes the central role of tick bites in the development of AGS and provides a small animal model to mechanistically study mammalian meat allergy
Supersymmetric Relations Among Electromagnetic Dipole Operators
Supersymmetric contributions to all leptonic electromagnetic dipole operators
have essentially identical diagramatic structure. With approximate slepton
universality this allows the muon anomalous magnetic moment to be related to
the electron electric dipole moment in terms of supersymmetric phases, and to
radiative flavor changing lepton decays in terms of small violations of slepton
universality. If the current discrepancy between the measured and Standard
Model values of the muon anomalous magnetic moment is due to supersymmetry, the
current bound on the electron electric dipole moment then implies that the
phase of the electric dipole operator is less than . Likewise
the current bound on decay implies that the fractional
selectron-smuon mixing in the left-left mass squared matrix, \delta m_{\smuon
\selectron}^2 / m_{\slepton}^2, is less than . These relations and
constraints are fairly insensitive to details of the superpartner spectrum for
moderate to large .Comment: Latex, 38 pages, 2 figure
Allergenomics of the tick Ixodes ricinus reveal important α-Gal-carrying IgE-binding proteins in red meat allergy
Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3864]This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Apostolovic, D.; Mihailovic, J.; Commins, S. P.; Wijnveld, M.; Kazimirova, M.; Starkhammar, M.; Stockinger, H.; Platts-Mills, T. A. E.; Cirkovic Velickovic, T.; Hamsten, C.; et al. Allergenomics of the Tick Ixodes Ricinus Reveals Important α-GalâCarrying IgE-Binding Proteins in Red Meat Allergy. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2020, 75 (1), 217â220. [https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13978
Galactose-α-1,3-GalactoseâSpecific IgE Is Associated with Anaphylaxis but Not Asthma
Rationale: IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) are common in the southeastern United States. These antibodies, which are induced by ectoparasitic ticks, can give rise to positive skin tests or serum assays with cat extract
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