1,305 research outputs found
More Evidence for an Oscillation Superimposed on the Hubble Flow
In a recent investigation evidence was presented for a low-level sinusoidal
oscillation superimposed on top of the Hubble flow. This oscillation was in
V, in a sample of type Ia Supernovae sources with accurate distances,
and it was found to have a wavelength close to 40 Mpc. It became easily visible
after the removal of several previously identified discrete velocity
components. Its amplitude like that of the Hubble velocity showed an increase
with distance, as would be expected for a constant-amplitude space oscillation.
Here we report that this oscillation is also present in distance clumping in
these sources, with the same wavelength, but in phase quadrature. The discrete
velocity components do not play a role in detecting the distance clumping
wavelength. Assuming that time proceeds from high cosmological redshift to low,
the blue-shifted velocity peaks, which represent the contraction stage of the
velocity oscillation, then lead the density peaks. With the discrete velocity
components removed we also find evidence for at least one other, weaker
velocity oscillation. It is found to have a wavelength similar to one reported
in density clumping by previous investigators. In those cases the source
samples were much larger.Comment: 7 pages, with 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and
Space Scienc
On The Depolarization Asymmetry Seen in Giant Radio Lobes
The depolarization asymmetry seen in double-lobed radio sources, referred to
as the Laing-Garrington (L-G) effect where more rapid depolarization is seen in
the lobe with no visible jet as the wavelength increases, can be explained
either by internal differences between the two lobes, or by an external Faraday
screen that lies in front of only the depolarized lobe. If the jet
one-sidedness is due to relativistic beaming the depolarization asymmetry must
be due to an intervening Faraday screen. If it is intrinsic the depolarization
asymmetry must be related to internal differences in the lobes. We assume in
this paper that the speed in the outer jet of several Fanaroff-Riley Class 1
(FRI) sources exhibiting the L-G effect is close to the 0.1c reported by
several other investigators. For these sources we find that the jet
one-sidedness cannot be explained by beaming and therefore must be intrinsic.
In these FRI sources the L-G effect must be due to differences that originate
inside the lobes themselves. Although it is not known if the flow in the outer
jets of FRII sources also slows to this speed it is suggested that the
explanation of the L-G effect is likely to be the same in both types. This
argument is strengthened by the recent evidence that FRII galaxies have very
large viewing angles, which in turn implies that the L-G model cannot work
regardless of the jet velocity. It may therefore be too soon to completely rule
out internal depolarization in the lobes as the true explanation for the L-G
effect.Comment: 8 pages with 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap&S
Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to projected future environmental conditions
Thecosome pteropods (pelagic mollusks) can play a key role in the food web of various marine ecosystems. They are a food source for zooplankton or higher predators such as fishes, whales and birds that is particularly important in high latitude areas. Since they harbor a highly soluble aragonitic shell, they could be very sensitive to ocean acidification driven by the increase of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The effect of changes in the seawater chemistry was investigated on Limacina helicina, a key species of Arctic pelagic ecosystems. Individuals were kept in the laboratory under controlled pCO2 levels of 280, 380, 550, 760 and 1020 matm and at control (0uC) and elevated (4uC) temperatures. The respiration rate was unaffected by pCO2 at control temperature, but significantly increased as a function of the pCO2 level at elevated temperature. pCO2 had no effect on the gut clearance rate at either temperature. Precipitation of CaCO3, measured as the incorporation of 45Ca, significantly declined as a function of pCO2 at both temperatures. The decrease in calcium carbonate precipitation was highly correlated to the aragonite saturation state. Even though this study demonstrates that pteropods are able to precipitate calcium carbonate at low aragonite saturation state, the results support the current concern for the future of Arctic pteropods, as the production of their shell appears to be very sensitive to decreased pH. A decline of pteropod populations would likely cause dramatic changes to various pelagic ecosystems
Intersecting motivations for leaving abusive relationships, substance abuse, and transactional sex among HIV high-risk women
Background: Women bear a significant burden of the HIV epidemic in the United States. Women classified as āHIV high-riskā often bring co-existing histories of intimate partner violence (IPV), drug use, and transactional sex. To help inform future comprehensive HIV prevention strategies, we aimed to explore common motivating reasons and barriers to leaving and/or terminating engagement in each of these riskpromoting situations.
Methods: Between August and November 2014, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 HIV high-risk women in Atlanta, Georgia who had experienced IPV in the previous 12 months, and used drugs and/or engaged in transactional sex in the previous five years. Participants were asked about histories of IPV, drug use, and/or engagement in transactional sex, and the motivating reasons and barriers to terminating each.
Results: Women reported a range of motivating reasons for leaving IPV, drug use, and transactional sex. Overlapping themes included impact on children, personal physical health/safety, and life dissatisfaction. Financial need was identified as a common barrier to leaving.
Conclusions: Future HIV prevention research should further explore the perceived impact of IPV, drug use, and transactional sex on physical health/safety, life dissatisfaction, oneās children, and financial need as motivators and barriers to reducing upstream HIV risk
Impact of ocean acidification on a key Arctic pelagic mollusc (Limacina helicina)
Thecosome pteropods (shelled pelagic molluscs) can play an important role in the food web of various ecosystems and play a key role in the cycling of carbon and carbonate. Since they harbor an aragonitic shell, they could be very sensitive to ocean acidification driven by the increase of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The impact of changes in the carbonate chemistry was investigated on Limacina helicina, a key species of Arctic ecosystems. Pteropods were kept in culture under controlled pH conditions corresponding to pCO2 levels of 350 and 760 Ī¼atm. Calcification was estimated using a fluorochrome and the radioisotope 45Ca. It exhibits a 28% decrease at the pH value expected for 2100 compared to the present pH value. This result supports the concern for the future of pteropods in a high-CO2 world, as well as of those species dependent upon them as a food resource. A decline of their populations would likely cause dramatic changes to the structure, function and services of polar ecosystems
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