Temperature and duration of heating of sunflower oil affect ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid in vitro

Sunflower oil heated at 110 or 150°C for 1, 3, or 6 h was incubated with ruminal content in order to investigate the effects of temperature and duration of heating of oil on the ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid in vitro. When increased, these 2 parameters acted together to decrease the disappearance of linoleic acid in the media by inhibiting the isomerization of linoleic acid, which led to a decrease in conjugated linoleic acids and trans-C18:1 production. Nevertheless, trans-10 isomer production increased with heating temperature, suggesting an activation of Δ9-isomerization, whereas trans-11 isomer production decreased, traducing an inhibition of Δ12-isomerization. The amount of peroxides generated during heating was correlated with the proportions of biohydrogenation intermediates so that they might explain, at least in part, the observed effects. The effects of heating temperature and duration on ruminal bacteria community was assessed using capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism. Ruminal bacterial population significantly differed according to heating temperature, but was not affected by heating duration. Heating of fat affected ruminal biohydrogenation, at least in part because of oxidative products generated during heating, by altering enzymatic reactions and bacterial population

Goulphar: rapid access and expertise for standard two-color microarray normalization methods

BACKGROUND: Raw data normalization is a critical step in microarray data analysis because it directly affects data interpretation. Most of the normalization methods currently used are included in the R/BioConductor packages but it is often difficult to identify the most appropriate method. Furthermore, the use of R commands for functions and graphics can introduce mistakes that are difficult to trace. We present here a script written in R that provides a flexible means of access to and monitoring of data normalization for two-color microarrays. This script combines the power of BioConductor and R analysis functions and reduces the amount of R programming required. RESULTS: Goulphar was developed in and runs using the R language and environment. It combines and extends functions found in BioConductor packages (limma and marray) to correct for dye biases and spatial artifacts. Goulphar provides a wide range of optional and customizable filters for excluding incorrect signals during the pre-processing step. It displays informative output plots, enabling the user to monitor the normalization process, and helps adapt the normalization method appropriately to the data. All these analyses and graphical outputs are presented in a single PDF report. CONCLUSION: Goulphar provides simple, rapid access to the power of the R/BioConductor statistical analysis packages, with precise control and visualization of the results obtained. Complete documentation, examples and online forms for setting script parameters are available from

Divergent selection on 63-day body weight in the rabbit: response on growth, carcass and muscle traits

The effects of selection for growth rate on weights and qualitative carcass and muscle traits were assessed by comparing two lines selected for live body weight at 63 days of age and a cryopreserved control population raised contemporaneously with generation 5 selected rabbits. The animals were divergently selected for five generations for either a high (H line) or a low (L line) body weight, based on their BLUP breeding value. Heritability (h2) was 0.22 for 63-d body weight (N = 4754). Growth performance and quantitative carcass traits in the C group were intermediate between the H and L lines (N = 390). Perirenal fat proportion (h2 = 0.64) and dressing out percentage (h2 = 0.55) ranked in the order L < H = C (from high to low). The weight and cross-sectional area of the Semitendinosus muscle, and the mean diameter of the constitutive myofibres were reduced in the L line only (N = 140). In the Longissimus muscle (N = 180), the ultimate pH (h2 = 0.16) and the maximum shear force reached in the Warner-Braztler test (h2 = 0.57) were slightly modified by selection

Les partis s’intéressent-ils à nos enquêtes ? Éléments comparatifs sur la réception des recherches sur les partis

Les partis sont réputés être des organisations qui contrôleraient fortement l’enquête de terrain. Certains, à l’instar des organisations bureaucratiques, disposeraient « d’une panoplie de contraintes, de sanctions, d’interdictions que l’on ne trouve pas sur d’autres terrains, mises en œuvre en vue d’orienter, de tronquer ou de bloquer le cours de l’enquête ». Cet article poursuit la réflexion sur les manières d’enquêter dans les partis en comparant plus spécifiquement l’intérêt que les partis manifestent pour les enquêtes réalisées par les auteurs et pour la recherche en général

Les partis s’intéressent-ils à nos enquêtes ? Éléments comparatifs sur la réception des recherches sur les partis

Les partis sont réputés être des organisations qui contrôleraient fortement l’enquête de terrain. Certains, à l’instar des organisations bureaucratiques, disposeraient « d’une panoplie de contraintes, de sanctions, d’interdictions que l’on ne trouve pas sur d’autres terrains, mises en œuvre en vue d’orienter, de tronquer ou de bloquer le cours de l’enquête ». Cet article poursuit la réflexion sur les manières d’enquêter dans les partis en comparant plus spécifiquement l’intérêt que les partis manifestent pour les enquêtes réalisées par les auteurs et pour la recherche en général

DAPAR & ProStaR: software to perform statistical analyses in quantitative discovery proteomics.

UNLABELLED: DAPAR and ProStaR are software tools to perform the statistical analysis of label-free XIC-based quantitative discovery proteomics experiments. DAPAR contains procedures to filter, normalize, impute missing value, aggregate peptide intensities, perform null hypothesis significance tests and select the most likely differentially abundant proteins with a corresponding false discovery rate. ProStaR is a graphical user interface that allows friendly access to the DAPAR functionalities through a web browser. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: DAPAR and ProStaR are implemented in the R language and are available on the website of the Bioconductor project (http://www.bioconductor.org/). A complete tutorial and a toy dataset are accompanying the packages. CONTACT: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (ChloroTypes), ANR-10-INBS-08 (ProFI project, ‘Infrastructures Nationales en Biologie et Sante´’, ‘Investissements d’Avenir’), European Union FP7 program (Prime-XS Project, Contract no. 262067), Prospectom project (Mastodons 2012 CNRS Challenge), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Strategic Longer and Larger Grant ID: BB/L002817/1)This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Oxford University Press via https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw58

Enquêter dans les partis politiques:Perspectives comparées

Ce dossier se situe à la croisée de deux mouvements récents qui traversent la science politique française. Le premier tient au constat que l’étude des partis politiques s’est largement transformée ces dernières années. D’abord, cet objet « canonique » a fait l’objet d’une attention renouvelée, et en particulier un nombre important de thèses, récemment soutenues ou en cours, y sont consacrées. Ensuite, ces travaux, émanant donc pour une large part de jeunes chercheur(se)s, ont pour point commun de s’appuyer sur des enquêtes, entendues au sens large comme des méthodes de production de données originales, que celles-ci soient qualitatives (par observations et entretiens) ou quantitatives (passation de questionnaires auprès d’adhérents d’un parti politique, par exemple). Cette multiplication de travaux empiriques sur les partis permet une confrontation des expériences d’enquête, afin de réfléchir collectivement à ces pratiques de recherche, pour elles-mêmes mais aussi pour ce qu’elles nous apprennent de l’objet de recherche parti politique (...)

Identification of a novel BET bromodomain inhibitor-sensitive, gene regulatory circuit that controls Rituximab response and tumour growth in aggressive lymphoid cancers.: CYCLON-induced Rituximab resistance

International audienceImmuno-chemotherapy elicit high response rates in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma but heterogeneity in response duration is observed, with some patients achieving cure and others showing refractory disease or relapse. Using a transcriptome-powered targeted proteomics screen, we discovered a gene regulatory circuit involving the nuclear factor CYCLON which characterizes aggressive disease and resistance to the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, in high-risk B-cell lymphoma. CYCLON knockdown was found to inhibit the aggressivity of MYC-overexpressing tumours in mice and to modulate gene expression programs of biological relevance to lymphoma. Furthermore, CYCLON knockdown increased the sensitivity of human lymphoma B cells to Rituximab in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, this effect could be mimicked by in vitro treatment of lymphoma B cells with a small molecule inhibitor for BET bromodomain proteins (JQ1). In summary, this work has identified CYCLON as a new MYC cooperating factor that autonomously drives aggressive tumour growth and Rituximab resistance in lymphoma. This resistance mechanism is amenable to next-generation epigenetic therapy by BET bromodomain inhibition, thereby providing a new combination therapy rationale for high-risk lymphoma