Correction to: Human behavior and Homo-mammal interactions at the first European peopling: new evidence from the Pirro Nord site (Apricena, Southern Italy)

In the original publication of this article, one of the author names was incorrectly captured. The first name should be Razika, then family name should be Chelli–Cheheb

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic outbreak on the vascular access team operations after conversion to COVID-19 dedicated hospital

Background: On February 21 2020, in Schiavonia Hospital occurred the first death by COVID-19 in Italy and since this date SARS-CoV-2 caused more than 100,000 deaths in our country. Our hospital was immediately closed and re-opened after 15 days as a reference Covid Hospital. Among services involved in a process of destruction and rebirth there was also the Vascular Access Team. Methods: We analyzed our Vascular Access Team activity comparing data from the first month (March) in which basically it did not work and data from the following month (April) in which we began to re-build the Team adapting it to the new reality. Results: In all patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit a Centrally Inserted Central Catheter multilumen was placed, but in March only 5.5% of patients admitted to Medicine-Sub-intensive Unit had a catheter different from the short peripheral cannula while in April it was possible to guarantee a more suitable catheter 31.7% of patients admitted to Medicine-Sub-intensive Unit (p < 0.000). In April, compared to March, a significant higher number of Midline were implanted in Medicine-Sub-intensive Unit (36/139 vs 12/238 p < 0.000) where also a higher number of Centrally Inserted Central Catheter and Femoral Inserted Central Catheter were implanted (8/139 vs 1/238 p = 0.003). This change allowed us to implant more vascular accesses in Medicine-Sub-intensive Unit favoring Midline with a longer average duration. Only one patient with Midline developed a catheter vein thrombosis, and in only one patient the device was removed for suspected infection. Conclusions: The experience we gained will allow us to be more prepared in the future and our experience has highlighted that a structured Vascular Access Team is necessary to respond adequately to COVID-19 patients’ needs, to ensure the effectiveness of the maneuver, to reduce complications and to avoid the waste of resources, always working in safe condition

The COVID-19 Epidemic: The experience in the Social and Health Care Center of the Mantua District (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy)

OBJECTIVES: To describe the course of COVID-19 epidemic in the hospitals of the ASST of Mantua (Lombrady Region, Northern Italy) from February 2020 to April 2021. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from hospital discharging chart of all patients admitted to the hospitals of ASST were collected from 26.02.2020 to 30.04.2021 with COVID-19 diagnosis. Data from Emergency Rooms for patients evaluated but not admitted to departments were also collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The data from hospital discharging were crossed for diagnosis with data from laboratory. The department were classified into ‘low intensity’ and ‘middle/high intensity’. The comparison was according to the different periods of epidemic. RESULTS: Patients admitted to the hospitals were 2,738: 510 died (17.3%) and 1,736 patients were evaluated in the Emergency Rooms but not admitted to departments. Among these patients, 166 died (9.6%). The prevailing age class were ≥65 years, with a trend to reduction in the third wave. The proportion of admission in middle/high intensity departments was significantly higher in the second wave than in the first. N. 510 deaths by 2,738 (17.3%) were observed, with significant reduction in the second and third waves in the low intensity departments (from 21.9% to 14.3% and 12.7%) (p<0.001), while mortality was substantially unchanged in the middle/ high intensity departments (28.0%, 29.6%, and 28.3%). The mortality for patients with ≥65 years was 26.7%. Females showed lower mortality (OR 0.690; CI95% 0.560-0.840) and lower incidence of admissions in middle/high intensity departments (OR 0.556; CI95% 0.459-0.673) in the three waves. Finally, including also the patients not admitted, the general mortality was 15.1%. CONCLUSIONS: A worse outcome by mortality and severity of disease was observed for male gender compared to female and for older age classes. Moreover, a significant improvement of outcomes in the second and third waves, compared to the first, was pointed out