Analysis and interpretation of the Seidel aberration coefficients in digital holography

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La genèse des politiques de l'emploi en France : un référentiel d'adaptation

L'enjeu de ce texte est de définir la catégorie émergente "politique de l'emploi" et de comprendre et d'en expliquer son processus de construction à partir d'une approche de sociologie compréhensive des politiques publiques. Nous proposons dans un premier temps de dater la genèse de la catégorie "politiques de l'emploi" en nous appuyant sur l'analyse de quatre types de discours. Dans un second temps, nous envisageons la compréhension et l'explication de cette émergence à partir de la régulation politique. Cette démarche nous permet à la fois de repérer l'émergence des politiques de l'emploi au milieu des années 1960 et définir les politiques de l'emploi comme des politiques de légitimation de l'abandon du plein emploi.France, politique de l'emploi, histoire des politiques publiques.

Territorial politics, devolution and spatial planning in the UK: results, prospects, lessons

© 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.This article critically analyses the debates which have unfolded in the aftermath of the Scottish independence referendum of 18 September 2014 concerning the constitutional arrangements of the UK as a plurinational state and the internal governmental structure of England. The debates unfolding in the UK reflect and illustrate two central themes in planning, territorial development and public policy. First, they highlight the contested distribution of power across multiple layers of government in states with an inherited centralized pattern of governance that are now facing strengthening regionalist and nationalist claims. Second, they illustrate the linked growth in the demand for new governance and strategic planning arrangements in large metropolitan areas with fragmented administrative and institutional boundaries. The article first discusses what the outcome of the Scottish referendum (and its aftermath) means for planning in Scotland. It then turns to the debates on devolution in the rest of UK which were stoked in the wake of the referendum, looking at the planning implications of further devolution in Northern Ireland and Wales, and at the possible consequences of the various options currently being aired to solve the ‘English question’. Finally, ongoing debates on decentralization to regions and city-regions in England are briefly considered

La genèse des politiques de l'emploi en France : un référentiel d'adaptation

URL des Documents de travail :http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CESFramDP2007.htmDocuments de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2007.71 - ISSN : 1955-611XFrom a cognitive sociological approach, this paper's objective is to define the political category "politiques de l'emploi" and to explain the process of its social construction. The first part deals with the time of the emergence of the category. The second part analyzes the sense of this construction through political "régulation". Our provisional conclusion is that French employment policies appeared in the mid-sixties and can be defined as policies which legitimize the giving up of the full employment objective.L'enjeu de ce texte est de définir la catégorie émergente "politique de l'emploi" et de comprendre et d'en expliquer son processus de construction à partir d'une approche de sociologie compréhensive des politiques publiques. Nous proposons dans un premier temps de dater la genèse de la catégorie "politiques de l'emploi" en nous appuyant sur l'analyse de quatre types de discours. Dans un second temps, nous envisageons la compréhension et l'explication de cette émergence à partir de la régulation politique. Cette démarche nous permet à la fois de repérer l'émergence des politiques de l'emploi au milieu des années 1960 et définir les politiques de l'emploi comme des politiques de légitimation de l'abandon du plein emploi

The unbearable foreignness of EU law in social policy, a sociological approach to law-making

The main purpose of the present text is assessing EU law from the perspective of its "impact" on national systems of social protection, social services and labour law : how does EU governance affect "social policy" in the Union ? After recalling the main characteristics of EU governance and presenting the relevant actors of the making of EU social law, we systematically compare EU and national law with respect to two essential dimensions : EU law making in general and the special case of "social law". Eventually we arrive at a global comparative assessment of the respective legitimacies of EU law and national legislation. Considered from the point of view of relevant actors interviewed during the research, the dynamics of this interaction emerges as structurally constrained but rather open-ended.Sociology of European law, European social policy, European integration, Court of justice of the EU, Europeanization.

Ability of new durum wheat pure lines to meet yield stability and quality requirements in low input and organic systems

Low-input production schemes adopted in organic or conventional farms require crop varieties that combine good product quality and high yield stability under non optimal environmental conditions (Gooding et al., 1999). These traits are not yet found among the durum wheat genotypes available in France. Consequently the cultivation of this crop is hardly successful in stockless organic farms in southern France, which are characterised by very low nitrogen resources. Some hopes emerged with the identification of new durum wheat pure lines with a high grain protein content in breeding experiments conducted near Montpellier in 2001 and 2002. The aim of the present work was to confirm and elucidate the origin of the enhanced protein performance of these new lines through a field experiment with nitrogen resources ranging from very low to sub-optimal levels

Des bilans de phosphore majoritairement négatifs pour les systèmes de grandes cultures biologiques sans élevage en Midi-Pyrénées. Quels impacts sur le phosphore biodisponible des sols et l’état de nutrition des cultures ?

Soil phosphorus (P) fertility management in organic cropping systems is a debated issue in the general context of decreasing resources in a near future. A survey showed that in Midi-Pyrenees a majority of stockless organic cropping systems present overdrawn P balances. We investigated the impacts of P balances on the soil plant available P and nutrition status on the long-term field experiment of La Hourre (CREAB, Auch, France), which is representative of rainfed systems set on clayey calcareous soils. The changes in soil plant available P were monitored between 2002 and 2012 using P Olsen soil test. The results specified the declining rate of P availability in time and according to the amplitude of the negative balance. The levels of soil available P did not still lead to degradation of the crop P nutrition status; in this context, N inputs are low, so consequently crop P needs remain limited. However the problems associated with long term management of soil P fertility remain. Beyond the desirable scientific perspectives, we propose a first analysis of the factors on which it would be relevant to act in order to allow the farmers to improve their practices

Flexicurity – an open method of coordination at the national level ?

URL des documents de travail ; http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CESFramDP2009.htmClassification JEL : J28, J88, Z13.The working paper is also published by the University of Aalborg - Carma Research Papers n°3.2009Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2009.46 - ISSN : 1955-611X"Flexicurity" is the name given by international actors to political strategies aiming to (and pretending to) reconcile often contradictory goals. Instead of superficial comparisons of national strategies bundled up into general categories like "flexicurity" or "activation", it is possible to use comparative field work and see how international notions - supposedly testimony of a process of 'Europeanization' - are actually used and dealt with within national settings of actors. The comparison is made between France and Denmark. It shows that each group of national actors within their specific structure of constraints inherited from the past used the political notion of flexicurity during the early 2000s and what were some practical consequences of this use.La flexicurité (ou flexisécurité) est une motion qui s'est répandue depuis le début des années 2000, à la suite de l'usage du terme aux Pays-Bas et au Danemark. L'origine du mot est connue : inventée par un sociologue collaborateur du ministre hollandais du travail en 1990 ; c'est le Danemark qui, à partir de 2004-2005 devient l'emblème de la flexicurité. La comparaison des débats sociaux et publics au Danemark et en France, pendant les années 2000 montre que le même discours international superficiel de la flexicurité a été utilisé dans chaque pays pour des objectifs bien divers, au sein d'institutions elles aussi bien différentes. Au fond, les discours internationalisés ne sont pas des indicateurs d'une convergence des systèmes sociaux et des marchés du travail. Les idées communes exprimées en anglais sont plutôt des ressources qui, adaptées et retraduites dans les langues et les systèmes nationaux d'acteurs, servent à ces derniers dans la fabrication des compromis nationaux. De ce point de vue, l'européanisation se limite à une couche superficielle de discours politiques et à leur justification à un niveau d'abstraction très général