Komplexchemie perhalogenierter Cyclopentadiene und Alkine, VII

Coordination Chemistry of Perhalogenated Cyclopentadienes and Alkynes, VII1). - Synthesis of Several Tetrachlorometalloles of Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium; Structure of a Iridacyclopentadiene Derivative The reaction of dichloroethyne with CpCo(PPh3)2, RhCl(EPh3)3 (E = P, As, Sb), and IrCl(N2)(PPh3)2 leads to the formation of complexes containing a tetrachloro-1-metallacyclopentadiene unit. The crystal-structure determination of (Ph3P)2(Cl)- is reported

Carbon monoxide binding to iron porphyrins

The carbon monoxide affinities of iron complexes of meso-tetra (α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin (the "picket fence" porphyrin) and of a "picket fence" porphyrin derivative with an appended axial base have been measured in solution and compared with the CO affinities of various hemoproteins. The model complexes bind CO with much greater affinity than normal hemoproteins; the role of the steric bulk of distal residues in lowering the CO affinities of the hemoproteins is discussed. The significance of this lowered CO affinity is described with regard to endogenous CO. A discussion of mutant hemoglobins lacking distal residues that sterically inhibit the binding of CO is presented. The use of pressure units versus concentration units in equilibrium expressions is analyzed

The Discourse of Female Mental Illness in Kate Chopin\u27s The Awakening

This study addresses the consequences that befell Edna Pontellier for seeking an identity apart and outside of the roles of wife and mother. In particular, it focuses on the correlation made by the male characters in the novel between rejecting motherhood and marriage and perceived mental illness. Edna’s onset of contradictory behavior causes Leonce and Dr. Mandelet to hypothesize the cause of her new behavior. In an attempt to understand and cure Edna, they take a diagnostic approach towards her awakening. Their misunderstanding of her awakening reveals the misinformed societal dogma that linked women’s desire for autonomy to mental instability. There is a lack of scholarship in regards to Dr. Mandelet, chapter XXII, and the broader implications of medicine and mental illness in The Awakening. Although feminist discourse has celebrated Edna’s sexual liberation, there is a lack of scholarship in understanding Chopin’s more subversive feminist theme of the male tendency to misunderstand and misdiagnosis the female mind that steps outside socially prescribed roles. Using social, historical, and gender based perspectives were helpful methods in understanding this issue. Studying the historical, cultural, and social atmosphere as well as the accepted gender roles during the time Chopin was writing is essential in realizing her subversive feminist plight. Chopin is questioning the socially prescribed gender roles and notions of 19th century female normative behavior. Chopin is calling into question the limitations and misunderstandings of her time, and, as her fin-de- siecle suggests, she is also calling for an active reconsideration of gender roles moving into the new century. Some critics interpret Edna’s suicide as evidence that she was unable to overcome theses societal limitations; however, textual support from the final chapter of the novel lends itself to a more hopeful interpretation. Suicide is Edna’s first and final act as an autonomous, liberated woman. Chopin beckons for women in following centuries to continue in Edna’s plight, and, perhaps, what Edna was only able to achieve in death, generations of women to come would be able to achieve in their lifetime

From Party to Publicity: The Transitional Role of Three Publicity Experts on the Road to Modern Campaigning

During an election cycle, social media newsfeeds and TV screens are overrun with political advertisements and celebrity politics. Publicity has become a critical component of presidential elections. While many argue that a reliance on publicity developed with the popularization of the television, I argue that a dependency on publicity occurred in the early-to- mid 1900’s with three publicity experts who paved the way for future elections. Robert Woolley in Woodrow Wilson’s 1916 campaign exercised unprecedented management over his publicity bureau and used new techniques catering to new mediums of the time; Albert Lasker in Warren Harding’s 1920 campaign merged the business of advertising into the world of politics and sold Harding like he would sell a product; and Charles Michelson in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1932 campaign conducted one of the biggest mudslinging campaigns to date, demonstrating the foundations for the smear-style campaign that is all too common in modern elections. These three men played transitional roles in the origination of modern political publicity as campaigns evolved into candidate-centric contests of showmanship and personality. Their contributions to the field are still present today

Three toxic gases meet in the mitochondria

Public service fleets offer an attractive option for introducing renewable fuels and alternative technologies on a large scale, which allow for the reduction of both greenhouse gas emissions and exhaust air pollutants. This paper ex amines the use of biomethane (bio-CNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) for part of the bus fleet in Dublin. Dublin is typical of many international urban centres with a large bus fleet; therefore the results detailed in this paper could be applied to other urban bus fleets. The emissions produced from the 2008 fleet based at one of the city?s seven bus depots were compared to use of new diesel and bio-CNG buses, which were modelled using COPERT 4, a road transport emissions model developed by the European Commission. The optimum feedstock for bio-CNG production in Ireland was investigated, as well as the quantity of feedstock needed to produce t he required bio-CNG to fuel the bus fleet examined. The merits of producing bio-CNG in Ireland were analysed in order to determine the best policy. As expected the results showed a substantial decrease in all exhaust emissions from the use of bio-CNG buses compared the 2008 fleet. Grass silage was chosen as the optimum feedstock for production of bio-CNG in Ireland, and it was calculated using a sensitivity analysis that 1,349 ha is the land take needed to produce the grass silage for bio-CNG required to run the bus fleet examined

Probabilistic Fluorescence-Based Synapse Detection

Brain function results from communication between neurons connected by complex synaptic networks. Synapses are themselves highly complex and diverse signaling machines, containing protein products of hundreds of different genes, some in hundreds of copies, arranged in precise lattice at each individual synapse. Synapses are fundamental not only to synaptic network function but also to network development, adaptation, and memory. In addition, abnormalities of synapse numbers or molecular components are implicated in most mental and neurological disorders. Despite their obvious importance, mammalian synapse populations have so far resisted detailed quantitative study. In human brains and most animal nervous systems, synapses are very small and very densely packed: there are approximately 1 billion synapses per cubic millimeter of human cortex. This volumetric density poses very substantial challenges to proteometric analysis at the critical level of the individual synapse. The present work describes new probabilistic image analysis methods for single-synapse analysis of synapse populations in both animal and human brains.Comment: Current awaiting peer revie

Childhood cancer mortality and radon concentration in drinking water in North Carolina.

We explored the association between groundwater radon levels and childhood cancer mortality in North Carolina. Using data from two state-wide surveys of public drinking water supplies, counties were ranked according to average groundwater radon concentration. Age and sex-adjusted 1950-79 cancer death rates among children under age 15 were calculated for counties with high, medium, and low radon levels. Overall cancer mortality was increased in counties with medium and high radon levels. The strongest association was for the leukaemias, but risks were also suggested for other sites. These associations could be due to confounding or other biases, but the findings are consistent with other recent reports

Preparing UK students for the workplace: The Acceptability of a Gamified Cybersecurity Training

This pilot study aims to assess the acceptability of Open University’s training platform called Gamified Intelligent Cyber Aptitude and Skills Training course (GICAST), as a means of improving cybersecurity knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in undergraduate students using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A mixed-methods, pre-post experimental design was employed. 43 self-selected participants were recruited via an online register and posters at the university (excluding IT related courses). Participants completed the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q) and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Scale. They then completed all games and quizzes in the GICAST course before repeating the HAIS-Q and FoMO scales as well as several open-ended questions. Pre-training HAIS-Q Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour all improved from ‘reasonable’ pre-training levels to become ‘very high’ following training with large effect sizes estimated. FoMO improved to a lesser degree but also predicted the degree of HAIS-Q improvement suggesting it is relevant to the impact of this training course. Qualitatively, five key themes were generated: enjoyment, engagement, usability of GICAST, content relevance, and perceived educational efficacy. Overall, sentiment towards training was very positive as an enjoyable engaging and usable course. GICAST was found to be a feasible course for a wide range of students at a UK university: overall the training improved cyber-security awareness on a well validated measure with outcomes comparable to information-security-trained employees of a secure workplace. Despite a diversity of views about content, the course appears to be well suited to the non-IT undergraduate sector and may suit wide uptake to enhance students’ employability in a wide range of cybersecurity relevant contexts