Analysis of optical propagation in thick holographic gratings

A method of analyzing optical propagation in thick holographic gratings by decomposition of the thick material into thin gratings is discussed. The method is readily applicable to study propagation in multiple gratings of arbitrary spatial frequency and orientation recorded in the same thick emulsion. Applied to the double grating case, the method predicts strong cross-coupling between the two gratings for proper relative slope of the gratings. Results are given.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47036/1/339_2004_Article_BF00900516.pd

Microscopic theory of single-electron tunneling through molecular-assembled metallic nanoparticles

We present a microscopic theory of single-electron tunneling through metallic nanoparticles connected to the electrodes through molecular bridges. It combines the theory of electron transport through molecular junctions with the description of the charging dynamics on the nanoparticles. We apply the theory to study single-electron tunneling through a gold nanoparticle connected to the gold electrodes through two representative benzene-based molecules. We calculate the background charge on the nanoparticle induced by the charge transfer between the nanoparticle and linker molecules, the capacitance and resistance of molecular junction using a first-principles based Non-Equilibrium Green's Function theory. We demonstrate the variety of transport characteristics that can be achieved through ``engineering'' of the metal-molecule interaction.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age: Secondary Distance Indicators

The formal division of the distance indicators into primary and secondary leads to difficulties in description of methods which can actually be used in two ways: with, and without the support of the other methods for scaling. Thus instead of concentrating on the scaling requirement we concentrate on all methods of distance determination to extragalactic sources which are designated, at least formally, to use for individual sources. Among those, the Supernovae Ia is clearly the leader due to its enormous success in determination of the expansion rate of the Universe. However, new methods are rapidly developing, and there is also a progress in more traditional methods. We give a general overview of the methods but we mostly concentrate on the most recent developments in each field, and future expectations. © 2018, The Author(s)