(HT)-Raman microscopy to study (U,Pu)O2 fuel microstructure illustration on (U,La)O2 and CeO2; first results on (U,Pu)O2

International audienc

Anthropogenic intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes

Short- duration (1-3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies through rapidly developing (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted processes that are altering as Earth's climate warms. In this Review, we examine evidence from observational, theoretical and modelling studies for the intensification of these rainfall extremes, the drivers and the impact on flash flooding. Both short- duration and long- duration (\textgreater1 day) rainfall extremes are intensifying with warming at a rate consistent with the increase in atmospheric moisture (~7% K-1), while in some regions, increases in short- duration extreme rainfall intensities are stronger than expected from moisture increases alone. These stronger local increases are related to feedbacks in convective clouds, but their exact role is uncertain because of the very small scales involved. Future extreme rainfall intensification is also modulated by changes to temperature stratification and large- scale atmospheric circulation. The latter remains a major source of uncertainty. Intensification of short- duration extremes has likely increased the incidence of flash flooding at local scales and this can further compound with an increase in storm spatial footprint to considerably increase total event rainfall. These findings call for urgent climate change adaptation measures to manage increasing flood risks

Computer-assisted osteotomies for genu varum deformity: which osteotomy for which varus?

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is commonly used for genu varum deformity in young and active patients. Corrective valgus osteotomy may however lead to an oblique joint line in cases of associated femur varum or absence of tibia vara. The over-correction, needed to obtain good long-term clinical results, may increase the obliquity even more. To avoid this drawback, the authors suggest use of an accurate and reproducible radiological protocol including at least a standing AP long-leg X-ray to measure not only the hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle but also the medial distal femoral mechanical angle (MDFMA) and the medial proximal tibial mechanical angle (MPTMA). These measures will guide the surgeon to choose the best indication, including HTO, double level osteotomy (DLO) and distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). Computer-navigation of the osteotomies is the best choice to achieve the preoperative goal. This paper will present the pre- and perioperative protocols of HTO and DLO and the rationale behind this way of thinking

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Quality Control System in the Canine Model of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Aged dogs naturally develop cognitive dysfunction and represent a valuable spontaneous animal model for studying normal aging and neurodegeneration. Elderly canines also share neuropathological hallmarks similar to those observed in humans, especially Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, pet dogs share similar living conditions and diets to humans. Increasing oxidative damage, as well as alterations of the intracellular protein quality control system, including ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and Heat shock proteins (Hsp), have been observed in the brain of aged dogs. Thus, future researches carried out on the canine spontaneous model may be useful to define the involvement of age-related alterations in Hsp expression and UPS activity in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to perform translational antioxidant treatment/prevention studies. The possibility to design novel therapeutic approaches, including Hspbased therapies, may help to increase chaperone protection against proteotoxic stress occurring in human and canine brain during aging