Quelles sont les influences de l'utilisation de la langue des signes sur le développement langagier chez les enfants de 0-2 ans ?

Ce travail de mémoire s’intéresse aux influences de l’utilisation de la langue des signes sur le développement langagier chez l’enfant de 0-2 ans. L’utilisation de la langue des signes avec de jeunes enfants commence à prendre de l’ampleur en Suisse romande. De ce fait, il est intéressant de savoir d’où vient son origine, quelle est son utilisation et quelles sont ses influences. Instaurer un outil pédagogique en structure d’accueil doit être réfléchi et met en lien l’équipe éducative, l’enfant et les parents. Pour ce faire, j’ai fait des recherches théoriques sur des études réalisées en anglais ou encore en français. De plus, j’ai interrogé la directrice d’une crèche pour comprendre le rôle de l’éducatrice sur le terrain. Au terme de ce travail, j’en conclus que la langue des signes influence non seulement le développement langagier de l’enfant mais aussi son développement global. De plus, son utilité concerne plusieurs domaines de l’enfance

Le rôle de l'infirmier-ère dans l'accompagnement des personnes souffrant d'addiction aux substances lors d'un processus de rétablissement: une revue de littérature

Le thème de ce travail porte sur l’accompagnement infirmier aux patients souffrant de problèmes d’addiction aux substances lors d’un processus de rétablissement en unité de soins hospitalière et ambulatoire

Cell spreading on quartz crystal microbalance elicits positive frequency shifts indicative of viscosity changes

Cell attachment and spreading on solid surfaces was investigated with a home-made quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which measures the frequency, the transient decay time constant and the maximal oscillation amplitude. Initial interactions of the adsorbing cells with the QCM mainly induced a decrease of the frequency, coincident with mass adsorption. After about 80min, the frequency increased continuously and after several hours exceeded the initial frequency measured before cell adsorption. Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the cells were firmly attached to the quartz surface during the frequency increase. The measurements of the maximal oscillation amplitude and the transient decay time constant revealed changes of viscoelastic properties at the QCM surface. An important fraction of these changes was likely due to alterations of cytosolic viscosity, as suggested by treatments of the attached cells with agents affecting the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Our results show that viscosity variations of cells can affect the resonance frequency of QCM in the absence of apparent cell desorption. The simultaneous measurements of the maximal oscillation amplitude, the transient decay time constant and the resonance frequency allow an analysis of cell adsorption to solid substratum in real time and complement cell biological method

Prevalence and WGS-based characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal mucosa and pastern of horses with equine pastern dermatitis.

BACKGROUND Many contributing factors are involved in the development of equine pastern dermatitis (EPD). Among the most frequently suspected is Staphylococcus aureus, known for its pathogenic potential in skin and soft tissue infections. We therefore investigated the association between S. aureus carriage and EPD. RESULTS One hundred five EPD-affected horses and 95 unaffected controls were examined for the presence of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) on the pastern skin and in the nostrils. S. aureus isolates were cultivated from swab samples on selective MSSA and MRSA chromogenic agar and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Isolates were analysed by Illumina whole genome sequencing for genetic relatedness (cgMLST, spa typing), and for the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. A markedly higher proportion of samples from EPD-affected horses proved positive for S. aureus, both from the pastern (59.0 % vs. 6.3 % in unaffected horses; P<0.001), and from the nose (59.0 % vs. 8.4 %; P<0.001). Isolates belonged to 20 sequence types (ST) with lineages ST15-t084 (spa) (18 %), ST1-t127 (13 %), and ST1-t1508 (12 %) being predominant. Eight S. aureus were MRSA ST398-t011 and ST6239-t1456, and contained the staphylococcal cassette chromosome SCCmecIVa. Antimicrobial resistance genes were almost equally frequent in pastern and in nasal samples, whereas some virulence factors such as the beta-hemolysin, ESAT-6 secretion system, and some enterotoxins were more abundant in isolates from pastern samples, possibly enhancing their pathogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS The markedly higher prevalence of S. aureus containing specific virulence factors in affected skin suggests their contribution in the development and course of EPD

Physical activity and lung function association in a healthy community-dwelling European population.

The association of physical activity (PA) and lung function (LF) varies from no measurable effect to delayed LF decline. We assessed the association between accelerometery-assessed PA and LF in a sample of apparently healthy, community-dwelling subjects. We included two cross-sectional studies using data from the PneumoLaus study (2014-17 and 2018-21), conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. PA was assessed by accelerometry and categorised as inactivity, light, moderate or vigorous. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV &lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ), forced volume capacity (FVC) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured by spirometry and expressed in percentage of predicted value (PV). Overall, 1'910 (54.7% women, 62.0 ± 9.7 years) and 1'174 (53.4% women, 65.8 ± 9.5 years) participants were included in the first and the second surveys, respectively. In both surveys, moderate and vigorous PA showed a weak but significant correlation with FEV &lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; in percentage (PV) (R = 0.106 and 0.132 for the first and 0.111 and 0.125 for the second surveys, p &lt; 0.001). Similar correlations with FVC (p &lt; 0.001) were found. Associations held irrespective of smoking status and remained after multivariable adjustment. Fewer associations were detected between LF and light PA or between MMEF and PA. Moderate and vigorous intensity PA are associated with increased LF regardless of smoking status in apparently healthy community-dwelling European population. These associations are statistically but not clinically significant due to the small correlation coefficients (R &lt; 0.30), corresponding to a weak association

Adapting Haptic Feedback for Guided Meditation

Technology supporting meditation is a multimillion-dollar market that continues to grow. There is also strong academic interest to understand and improve the impact technology can have for the user experience of practitioners. However, little work investigates how to modulate haptic feedback to accommodate individual requirements without using biomarkers. In collaboration with a cognitive neuroscience laboratory, we investigated interactions between users and a haptic meditation device through two design research studies. Preliminary evaluations with 20 participants showed a preference for digital over analog interfaces for parametrization of the haptic meditation device. The final study with 21 participants found that the hedonic and pragmatic preferences depend on both the experience of a user and their age. The work gives new insights into designing interfaces for haptic meditation which allow for parametrization of haptic feedback parameters, as well as a variety of options for the parameterization approach

Significance of a new fluorodeoxyglucose-positive lesion on restaging positron emission tomography/computed tomography after induction therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer †

OBJECTIVES Restaging of patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of paramount importance, since only patients with down-staging after induction therapy will benefit from surgery. In this study, we assessed the aetiology of new 18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-positive focal abnormalities on restaging positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with a good response after induction chemotherapy in the primary tumour and lymph nodes. METHODS Between 2004 and 2008, 31 patients with histological proven stage III NSCLC had a PET/CT prior and after induction chemotherapy. Their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Restaging PET/CT revealed a new FDG-positive lesion in 6 of 31 (20%) patients. The initial clinical stage of the disease was IIIA N2 in four and IIIB T4 in two patients. The maximal standard uptake value in the primary tumour (P=0.043) and in the initially involved mediastinal nodes (P=0.068) decreased after induction treatment in all patients. The new PET/CT findings were located in an ipsilateral cervical lymph node in two patients, a contralateral mediastinal in one patient and an ipsilateral mammary internal lymph node in one patient. Two other patients had a lesion on the contralateral lung. Malignant lymph node infiltrations were excluded following fine-needle puncture, intraoperative biopsy or follow-up PET/CT. Contralateral pulmonary lesions were diagnosed as benign following mini thoracotomy and pulmonary wedge resection. CONCLUSIONS New solitary FDG-positive lesions on restaging PET/CT after induction chemotherapy for NSCLC are not rare in good responders to chemotherapy. In our experience, all these lesions were not associated with malignanc

Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and analysis of the events during the years 2001 and 2002

International audienceScattering and absorption coefficients have been measured continuously at several wavelengths since March 2001 at the high altitude site Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.). From these data, the wavelength dependences of the Ångström exponent and particularly of the single scattering albedo are determined. While the exponent of the single scattering albedo is usually positive, it becomes negative during Saharan dust events (SDE) due to the greater size of the mineral aerosols and to their different chemical composition. This change in the sign of the single scattering exponent turns out to be a simple means for detecting Saharan dust events. The occurrence of SDE detected by this new method was largely confirmed by visual inspection of filter colors and by studying long-range back-trajectories. An examination of SDE over a 22 months period shows that SDE are more frequent during the March?June period as well as during October and November. The trajectory analysis indicated a mean traveling time of 96.5 h with the most important source countries situated in the northern and north-western part of the Saharan desert. Most of the SDE do not lead to a detectable increase of the 48 h total suspended particulate matter (TSP) at the Jungfraujoch. During Saharan dust events, the average contribution of this dust to hourly TSP at the JFJ is 16 ?g/m3, which corresponds to an annual mean of 0.8 ?g/m3 or 24% of TSP