8 research outputs found
High levels of trim5a are associated with xenophagy in hivâ1âinfected longâterm nonprogressors
Autophagy is a lysosomalâdependent degradative mechanism essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis, but it is also considered an ancient form of innate eukaryotic fighting against invading microorganisms. Mounting evidence has shown that HIVâ1 is a critical target of autoph-agy that plays a role in HIVâ1 replication and disease progression. In a special subset of HIVâ1âinfected patients that spontaneously and durably maintain extremely low viral replication, namely, longâterm nonprogressors (LTNP), the resistance to HIVâ1âinduced pathogenesis is ac-companied, in vivo, by a significant increase in the autophagic activity in peripheral blood mon-onuclear cells. Recently, a new player in the battle of autophagy against HIVâ1 has been identified, namely, tripartite motif protein 5α (TRIM5α). In vitro data demonstrated that TRIM5α directly recognizes HIVâ1 and targets it for autophagic destruction, thus protecting cells against HIVâ1 in-fection. In this paper, we analyzed the involvement of this factor in the control of HIVâ1 infection through autophagy, in vivo, in LTNP. The results obtained showed significantly higher levels of TRIM5α expression in cells from LTNP with respect to HIVâ1âinfected normal progressor patients. Interestingly, the colocalization of TRIM5α and HIVâ1 proteins in autophagic vacuoles in LTNP cells suggested the participation of TRIM5α in the autophagy containment of HIVâ1 in LTNP. Al-together, our results point to a protective role of TRIM5α in the successful control of the chronic viral infection in HIVâ1âcontrollers through the autophagy mechanism. In our opinion, these findings could be relevant in fighting against HIVâ1 disease, because autophagy inducers might be employed in combination with antiretroviral drugs
Efeito de elevadas produtividades do vinhedo nas caracterĂsticas fĂsico-quĂmicas e sensoriais do vinho Merlot
An efficient and selective epoxidation of olefins with novel methyltrioxorhenium/(fluorous ponytailed) 2,2âČ-bipyridine catalysts
Novel complexes between methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and bis(fluorous- ponytailed) 2,2âČbipyridines (bpy-Fn) were synthesized and used for the oxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide under fluorous catalysis. High conversions and yields of the corresponding epoxides were obtained. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA