171 research outputs found
Incubation of canine dermal fibroblasts with serum from dogs with atopic dermatitis activates extracellular matrix signalling and represses oxidative phosphorylation
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on gene expression in canine fibroblasts after incubation with a medium
enriched with atopic dermatitis canine serum (CAD) compared with healthy canine serum (CTRL) and fetal bovine serum
(FBS). Differential Expression and Pathway analysis (iDEP94) in R package (v0.92) was used to identify differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) with a False Discovery Rate of 0.01. DEGs from fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum were
significantly upregulated and enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion signalling but downregulated
in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Genes involved in profibrotic processes, such as TGFB1, INHBA, ERK1/2, and
the downward regulated genes (collagens and integrins), were significantly upregulated after fibroblasts were exposed to
CAD serum. The observed downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation suggests metabolic dysregulation
toward a myofibroblast phenotype responsible for fibrosis. No differences were found when comparing CTRL with FBS.
The DEGs identified in fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum suggest activation of signalling pathways involved in gradual
differentiation through a myofibroblast precursors that represent the onset of fibrosis. Molecular and metabolic knowledge
of fibroblast changes can be used to identify biomarkers of the disease and new potential pharmacological targets
Comparison of the Effects of Browning-Inducing Capsaicin on Two Murine Adipocyte Models
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has gained attention in developing effective treatments and strategies that promote energy expenditure and the conversion of fat from a white to a brite phenotype. Capsaicin, bioactive component of chili peppers and a transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist, has been known to stimulate the process of thermogenesis. In this study, the effects of capsaicin were assessed on two murine cellular models by quantifying the dynamic of lipid droplets (LDs) and the expression of genes involved in adipocyte browning. Present findings demonstrated that treatment with norepinephrine or capsaicin combined with norepinephrine on 3T3-L1 cells and X9 cells significantly promoted the reduction of LDs area surface and size. The transcription of browning related genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), T-box transcription factor 1 (Tbx1), PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator 1a (Ppargc1a) and cell death- inducing DNA fragmentation factor A-like effector A (Cidea) was up-regulated by chronic capsaicin treatment on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Instead, X9 cells were significantly responsive only to the treatment with norepinephrine, used as positive control
Taming Anycast in a Wild Internet
Anycast is a popular tool for deploying global, widely available systems, including DNS infrastructure and content delivery networks (CDNs). The optimization of these networks often focuses on the deployment and management of anycast sites. However, such approaches fail to consider one of the primary configurations of a large anycast network: the set of networks that receive anycast announcements at each site (i.e., an announcement configuration). Altering these configurations, even without the deployment of additional sites, can have profound impacts on both anycast site selection and round-trip times.
In this study, we explore the operation and optimization of any-cast networks through the lens of deployments that have a large number of upstream service providers. We demonstrate that these many-provider anycast networks exhibit fundamentally different properties when interacting with the Internet, having a greater number of single AS hop paths and reduced dependency on each provider, compared with few-provider networks. We further examine the impact of announcement configuration changes, demonstrating that in nearly 30% of vantage point groups, round-trip time performance can be improved by more than 25%, solely by manipulating which providers receive anycast announcements. Finally, we propose DailyCatch, an empirical measurement methodology for testing and validating announcement configuration changes, and demonstrate its ability to influence user-experienced performance on a global anycast CDN
Escherichia coli induces apoptosis and proliferation of mammary cells
Mammary cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed after injection of Escherichia coli into the left mammary quarters of six cows. Bacteriological analysis of foremilk samples revealed coliform infection in the injected quarters of four cows. Milk somatic cell counts increased in these quarters and peaked at 24 h after bacterial injection. Body temperature also increased, peaking at 12 h postinjection, The number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the mastitic tissue than in the uninfected control. Expression of Bax and interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme increased in the mastitic tissue at 24 h and 72 h postinfection, whereas Bcl-2 expression decreased at 24 h but did not differ significantly from the control at 72 h postinfection, Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-g, stromelysin-1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator was also observed in the mastitic tissue. Moreover, cell proliferation increased in the infected tissue, These results demonstrate that Escherichia coli-induced mastitis promotes apoptosis and cell proliferation
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