66 research outputs found
Engineers v. industrial designers : The struggle for professional control over the British Railways Mark 2 Coach, c. 1955–66
This article explores the jurisdictional battle between engineers and industrial designers over railway coach design as an episode in the post-war modernisation of the UK. Engineers’ long domination of the design process was challenged from the mid-1950s by the nationalised British Railways’ employment of industrial designers. These emerging specialists used the new Design Panel to consolidate their professional status by transforming British Railways’ public image and competitiveness against road and air transport. Engineers still had much to contribute but establishing a working relationship between the two expert groups was difficult, made more so by frequent changes to management structures. The reconciliation of professional tensions and organisational schisms resulted by the mid-1960s in a highly successful new range of standard coaches, the Mark 2 (1964–75). These became a key to the creation of the internationally recognised business brands, ‘British Rail’ and ‘Inter-City’
Histoire des transports, histoire culturelle : mobiliser le passé des chemins de fer
Je souhaite aujourd’hui mettre l’accent sur quelques tendances récentes en historiographie des transports, dans l’espoir de suggérer par elles les possibles axes de développement de la recherche en histoire des chemins de fer. Je propose en particulier aux historiens des transports d’être beaucoup plus attentifs aux interactions complexes entre la « culture » et la façon dont la mobilité des gens, des choses et des idées a été historiquement mise en œuvre par les sociétés. Par « culture », nous entendons non la seule production artistique mais les valeurs, normes, croyances et attitudes qui donnent du sens, en particulier un sens symbolique (c’est-à-dire non fonctionnel), à d’autres personnes, à des entités et processus sociaux, et aux objets matériels et au cadre de notre vie quotidienne. C’est cette culture-là qui devrait jouer un rôle plus large dans la recherche en histoire des chemins de fer et dans l’écriture de cette histoire. Car tout transport est un acte profondément culturel. La recherché récente s’est ainsi attachée à l’analyse de la représentation du transport et de la mobilité par divers media. La mobilité personnelle est appréhendée en termes de consommation. Représentation et consommation sont liées par des significations symboliques, certes, mais surtout par le système technique du transport. En effet, les techniques de transport ne sont pas seulement des phénomènes d’ordre économique. Elles sont investies de significations, et font intégralement partie de la culture. L’exemple de la voiture de chemin de fer, de sa représentation et de son marketing au Royaume-Uni dans l’entre-deux-guerres est un exemple des recherches qui bénéficient de cette approche. Finalement, cela vaut la peine de réfléchir à la façon dont l’histoire des chemins de fer, au-delà de ses objectifs propres, pourrait aussi servir d’autres objectifs sociétaux dans une perspective de développement durable.In this talk, I want to outline some recent trends in transport historiography in the hope that they might suggest some ways in which the study of railway history might develop. My main suggestion is that transport historians should pay a lot more attention to the complex interactions between ‘culture’ and the ways in which societies have historically moved people, things and ideas around. The term ‘Culture” embraces much more than the aesthetic representation of transport and travel. It refers to all those values, norms, beliefs and attitudes that give meaning, and especially symbolic (or non-functional) meaning, to other people, to social bodies and processes, and to the material objects and environments of our everyday lives. This is the kind of culture that should play a larger role in the way that railway history is researched and written. For all transport is a deeply cultural act (or performance). There clearly has been a shift of interest amongst transport historians towards the representation of transport-cum-mobility through various media. Besides, there is the growing recognition that personal mobility became a kind of consumption. The representation of transport and its everyday consumption as mobility are certainly linked by symbolic meaning, but they are mostly by the socio-technical system of transport technology. Technology is not a process which can be explained in economic terms only. Transport technologies are meaning-laden, fully part of culture. The case of the technology of the railway carriage passenger car in interwar Great Britain has benefitted from these kinds of approaches. Finally, it is worth reflecting about how railway history, mainly written for its own sake, might also serve other social purposes, as sustainable mobility
Histoire des transports, histoire culturelle : mobiliser le passé des chemins de fer
Je souhaite aujourd’hui mettre l’accent sur quelques tendances récentes en historiographie des transports, dans l’espoir de suggérer par elles les possibles axes de développement de la recherche en histoire des chemins de fer. Je propose en particulier aux historiens des transports d’être beaucoup plus attentifs aux interactions complexes entre la « culture » et la façon dont la mobilité des gens, des choses et des idées a été historiquement mise en œuvre par les sociétés. Par « culture », nous entendons non la seule production artistique mais les valeurs, normes, croyances et attitudes qui donnent du sens, en particulier un sens symbolique (c’est-à-dire non fonctionnel), à d’autres personnes, à des entités et processus sociaux, et aux objets matériels et au cadre de notre vie quotidienne. C’est cette culture-là qui devrait jouer un rôle plus large dans la recherche en histoire des chemins de fer et dans l’écriture de cette histoire. Car tout transport est un acte profondément culturel. La recherché récente s’est ainsi attachée à l’analyse de la représentation du transport et de la mobilité par divers media. La mobilité personnelle est appréhendée en termes de consommation. Représentation et consommation sont liées par des significations symboliques, certes, mais surtout par le système technique du transport. En effet, les techniques de transport ne sont pas seulement des phénomènes d’ordre économique. Elles sont investies de significations, et font intégralement partie de la culture. L’exemple de la voiture de chemin de fer, de sa représentation et de son marketing au Royaume-Uni dans l’entre-deux-guerres est un exemple des recherches qui bénéficient de cette approche. Finalement, cela vaut la peine de réfléchir à la façon dont l’histoire des chemins de fer, au-delà de ses objectifs propres, pourrait aussi servir d’autres objectifs sociétaux dans une perspective de développement durable.In this talk, I want to outline some recent trends in transport historiography in the hope that they might suggest some ways in which the study of railway history might develop. My main suggestion is that transport historians should pay a lot more attention to the complex interactions between ‘culture’ and the ways in which societies have historically moved people, things and ideas around. The term ‘Culture” embraces much more than the aesthetic representation of transport and travel. It refers to all those values, norms, beliefs and attitudes that give meaning, and especially symbolic (or non-functional) meaning, to other people, to social bodies and processes, and to the material objects and environments of our everyday lives. This is the kind of culture that should play a larger role in the way that railway history is researched and written. For all transport is a deeply cultural act (or performance). There clearly has been a shift of interest amongst transport historians towards the representation of transport-cum-mobility through various media. Besides, there is the growing recognition that personal mobility became a kind of consumption. The representation of transport and its everyday consumption as mobility are certainly linked by symbolic meaning, but they are mostly by the socio-technical system of transport technology. Technology is not a process which can be explained in economic terms only. Transport technologies are meaning-laden, fully part of culture. The case of the technology of the railway carriage passenger car in interwar Great Britain has benefitted from these kinds of approaches. Finally, it is worth reflecting about how railway history, mainly written for its own sake, might also serve other social purposes, as sustainable mobility
Recommended from our members
Cultures of transport: representation, practice and technology
Discusses the cultural aspects of the transportation history. Ways by which the concept of cultural turn has helped create an innovative transport history; Practical limits and historical capabilities of transport technologies; Key areas of social and historical inquiry to which the cultural turn has propelled issues of travel and physical mobility; Ways by which automobilization can be considered as a cultural regime; Methods by which transportation technologies act as mediator between the imaginable and the material
Bobbie Oliver, <i>A Natural Battleground: The Fight to Establish a Rail Heritage Centre at Western Australia’s Midland Railway Workshops</i>
- …
