MOESM1 of Validity of self-reported height and weight for estimating prevalence of overweight among Estonian adolescents: the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study

Additional file 1. Rules of weighting

Additional file 1: of Barriers and facilitators to implementation of menu labelling interventions to support healthy food choices: a mixed methods systematic review protocol

PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol. This file provides a completed PRISMA-P 2015 checklist. (DOC 85 kb

Investigating group-based classes (‘weaning workshops’) to support complementary infant feeding in Irish primary care settings: a cross-sectional survey

Objective: This study aims to (1) investigate current practice regarding ‘weaning workshops’ to support complementary infant feeding delivered within Irish primary care, (2) explore the experiences and opinions of community dietitians regarding optimal content and modes of delivery of weaning workshops and (3) identify the key factors to be considered in the development and implementation of weaning workshops delivered within primary care. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Irish primary care. Participants: Forty-seven community-based dietitians. Results: Sixteen dietitians reported that workshops were run in their area with variable frequency, with ten reporting that workshops were never run in their area. Participants reported that mostly mothers of medium socio-economic status (SES) attended weaning workshops when infants were aged between 4 and 7 months, and that feedback from workshop attendees was predominantly positive. Dietitians identified that key factors to be considered in future development and delivery of weaning workshops are (1) workshop characteristics such as content, timing and venue, (2) organisational characteristics such as availability of resources and multidisciplinary involvement and (3) attendee characteristics such as SES. Conclusions: This study highlights substantial variability regarding provision of weaning workshops in Ireland, and a lack of standardisation regarding the provider, content and frequency of workshops where workshops are being delivered. The study also provides unique insights into the experiences and opinions of primary care community dietitians regarding the development and delivery of weaning workshops in terms of optimal content and delivery options. These perspectives will make a valuable contribution given the dearth of evidence in this area internationall

Country specific study populations by socio-demographic characteristics, daily breakfast consumption and survey year.

<p>Country specific study populations by socio-demographic characteristics, daily breakfast consumption and survey year.</p

Daily breakfast consumption among 11, 13 and 15 years old by country, survey year and gender (%)

<p>Daily breakfast consumption among 11, 13 and 15 years old by country, survey year and gender (%)</p

Implementation of a calorie menu labeling policy in public hospitals: study protocol for a multiple case study

Background: Promotion of good nutrition is essential for reducing the risk of chronic disease and premature death. Evidence shows menu labeling interventions should be implemented in workplaces as part of a comprehensive approach to improve employees' dietary habits; however, implementation challenges have arisen. This article describes a protocol for a multiple case study to explore the factors that impact on implementation of a calorie menu labeling policy in Irish public hospitals. Methods: Using a multiple case study design, comprising four Irish acute public hospitals, this study will draw on multiple perspectives and sources of evidence (observations followed by interviews, focus groups, and documentary analysis) to allow for a comprehensive depth and breadth of inquiry. Data collection and analysis will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, bringing together constructs from implementation theories to understand the complexity of implementing policies. Hospitals will be categorized into high and low implementers of the policy based on quantitative data obtained from structured observations. Using framework analysis, within- and cross-case analyses will be performed to identify factors influencing policy implementation and to identify distinguishing patterns across high and low implementers and across hospital direct and indirect stakeholders. Strategies will be employed to ensure rigorous case study research, for example, triangulation, audit trail, reflexivity, and thick descriptions. An integrated knowledge translation approach, where researchers work with stakeholders throughout the research process, will be adopted to facilitate the translation of research into policy and practice. Discussion: This protocol highlights methodological insights in utilizing case study research to gain a greater understanding of the menu labeling implementation process. Study findings will be relevant to policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the rollout of such interventions and will provide a foundation to select and tailor implementation strategies to assist with scale-up of calorie menu labeling across the health service

Parental experiences and perceptions of infant complementary feeding: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Background Interventions to prevent childhood obesity increasingly focus on infant feeding, but demonstrate inconsistent effects. A comprehensive qualitative evidence synthesis is essential to better understand feeding behaviours and inform intervention development. The aim of this study is to synthesize evidence on perceptions and experiences of infant feeding and complementary feeding recommendations. Methods Databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, SocIndex and Maternity and Infant Care were searched from inception to May 2017. Eligible studies examined parents' experiences of complementary feeding of children

Developing a core outcome set for childhood obesity prevention: a systematic review

Synthesis of effects of infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity is limited by outcome measurement and reporting heterogeneity. Core outcome sets (COSs) represent standardised approaches to outcome selection and reporting. The aim of this review is to identify feeding outcomes used in infant feeding studies to inform an infant feeding COS for obesity prevention interventions. The databases EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO searched from inception to February 2017. Studies eligible for inclusion must examine any infant feeding outcome in children ≤1 year. Feeding outcomes include those measured using self‐report and/or observational methods and include dietary intake, parent–child interaction, and parental beliefs, among others. Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Outcomes were assigned to outcome domains using an inductive, iterative process with a multidisciplinary team. We identified 82 unique outcomes, representing nine outcome domains. Outcome domains were “breast and formula feeding,” “introduction of solids,” “parent feeding practices and styles,” “parent knowledge and beliefs,” “practical feeding,” “food environment,” “dietary intake,” “perceptions of infant behaviour and preferences,” and “child weight outcomes.” Heterogeneity in definition and frequency of outcomes was noted in reviewed studies. “Introduction of solids” (59.5%) and “breastfeeding duration” (55.5%) were the most frequently reported outcomes. Infant feeding studies focus predominantly on consumption of milks and solids and infant weight. Less focus is given to modifiable parental and environmental factors. An infant feeding COS can minimise heterogeneity in selection and reporting of infant feeding outcomes for childhood obesity prevention interventions

Additional file 1: of Development of an infant feeding core outcome set for childhood obesity interventions: study protocol

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOC 122 kb

A collaborative approach to developing sustainable behaviour change interventions for childhood obesity prevention: Development of the Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) intervention and implementation strategy

Objectives and Design There is growing recognition of the need for effective behaviour change interventions to prevent chronic diseases that are feasible and sustainable and can be implemented within routine health care systems. Focusing on implementation from the outset of intervention development, and incorporating multiple stakeholder perspectives to achieve this, is therefore essential. This study explores the development of the Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) childhood obesity prevention intervention and implementation strategy to improve infant feeding behaviours. Methods Five qualitative and quantitative evidence syntheses, two primary qualitative studies, and formal/informal consultations were conducted with practice, policy, research, and parent stakeholders. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to guide the integration of findings. Results The CHErIsH intervention targets parent‐level behaviour change and comprises (1) brief verbal messages and (2) trustworthy resources, to be delivered by health care professionals (HCPs) during routine infant vaccination visits. The implementation strategy targets HCP‐level behaviour change and comprises (1) a local opinion leader, (2) incentivized training, (3) HCP resources and educational materials, (4) electronic delivery prompts, (5) awareness‐raising across all primary care HCPs, and (6) local technical support. Conclusions This study provides a rigorous example of the development of an evidence‐based intervention aimed at improving parental infant feeding behaviours, alongside an evidence‐based behaviour change strategy to facilitate implementation and sustainability in primary care. This approach demonstrates how to systematically incorporate multiple stakeholder perspectives with existing literature and move from multiple evidence sources to clearly specified intervention components for both the intervention and implementation strategy