333 research outputs found
Guided-wave photodetectors in germanium on optical chips in silicon-on-insulator
We report the integration of near-infrared waveguide photodetectors in polycrystalline Germanium with Silicon on Insulator optical chips for power monitor applications. We discuss design and fabrication of the devices as well as their characterization in terms of dark current, responsivity and signal to noise ratio
Germanium-on-Glass solar cells: fabrication and characterization
We report on Germanium on Glass solar cells realized by wafer bonding, layer splitting and epitaxial regrowth. We provide a detailed description of the layer transfer process and discuss the material characterization. The solar cells are fabricated and tested to extract the most significant figures of merit, evaluating their performance versus device area and operating temperature. The cells exhibit typical conversion efficiencies exceeding 2.4% under AM1.5 irradiation and a maximum efficiency of 3.7% under concentrated excitation. This Germanium on Glass approach is promising in terms of added flexibility in multi-junction engineering and allows a significant cost reduction thanks to the re-usability of the Ge substrates
Il carcinoma colo-rettale nel giovane. Fattori prognostici
Colorectal carcinoma is the third most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm. Usually patients affected by this neoplasia belong to VI decade of life. However approximately 2-8% of tumors arise in patients with age under 40 years. Aim of the study was to analyse the results of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in patiets aged under forty.
From January 1987 to December 2002, 46 patients under forty years with colorectal cancer underwent surgical procedure. No perioperative mortality was registered, and complicantions were evidenced in nine patients (20%). Actuarial five years survival was 33%, and overall mean survival was 53 months.
Univariate and multivariate analyses identified as prognostic factors the tumor grade, Dukes' stage, nodal status, and length of symptom
Steps towards the hyperfine splitting measurement of the muonic hydrogen ground state: pulsed muon beam and detection system characterization
The high precision measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the
muonic-hydrogen atom ground state with pulsed and intense muon beam requires
careful technological choices both in the construction of a gas target and of
the detectors. In June 2014, the pressurized gas target of the FAMU experiment
was exposed to the low energy pulsed muon beam at the RIKEN RAL muon facility.
The objectives of the test were the characterization of the target, the
hodoscope and the X-ray detectors. The apparatus consisted of a beam hodoscope
and X-rays detectors made with high purity Germanium and Lanthanum Bromide
crystals. In this paper the experimental setup is described and the results of
the detector characterization are presented.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, published and open access on JINS
Game analysis on general purpose technology cooperative R&D with fairness concern from the technology chain perspective
General purpose technologies (GPTs) are regarded as a major source of productivity advancement and economic growth. As a kind of platform technology, GPTs have strong knowledge spillovers, which causes a single subject to lack R&D motivation and adopt a wait-and-see strategy. Cooperation R&D is an effective mode choice for GPTs. For this, three models based on upstream-led, downstream-led and balanced power structures were constructed to study the cooperation R&D modes of GPTs and influencing factors from a technology chain perspective. This study aims to reveal the effects of fairness concerns and power structures on three models. This study also focuses on the roles of knowledge spillovers and government support. The results indicate that different power structures will lead to an unequal distribution of profits between firm U and firm D in the technology chain. The balanced power structure should be the preferred model. The profits of firms in the leading position are always higher than those of firms in the following position. In addition, fairness concerns negatively impact the performance of firms, which may improve the bargaining ability of firms in the following position, but this does not bring a sustainable benefit. Government support (e.g., knowledge and technology support and R&D subsidies) and knowledge spillovers are two key factors influencing the decisions and outcomes of the technology chain. When a firm's relative innovation contribution level is greater, its profits in the leading position are the highest, followed by those in the balanced power structure, and they are lowest in the following position. In contrast, profits under balanced power are the highest, and those in the following position are still the lowest. This study enables a theoretical understanding of how and why the R&D process of GPTs can be regarded as a technology chain. It also sheds light on the fact that the balance power structure model should be the preferred choice and that both fairness concerns and government support should be considered for improving the R&D efficiency of GPT cooperation R&D in practice
First measurement of the temperature dependence of muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen atoms to oxygen
We report the first measurement of the temperature dependence of muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen atoms to oxygen between 100 and 300 K. Data were obtained from the X-ray spectra of delayed events in a gaseous target, made of a H2/O2 mixture, exposed to a muon beam. This work sets constraints on theoretical models of muon transfer and is of fundamental importance for the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen ground state as proposed by the FAMU collaboration
First measurement of the temperature dependence of muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen atoms to oxygen
We report the first measurement of the temperature dependence of muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen atoms to oxygen between 100 and 300 K. Data were obtained from the X-ray spectra of delayed events in a gaseous target, made of a H2/O2 mixture, exposed to a muon beam. This work sets constraints on theoretical models of muon transfer and is of fundamental importance for the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen ground state as proposed by the FAMU collaboration
FAMU: study of the energy dependent transfer rate \u39b \u3bcp \u2192 \u3bcO
The main goal of the FAMU experiment is the measurement of the hyperfine splitting (hfs) in the 1S state of muonic hydrogen \u394Ehfs (\u3bc - p)1S. The physical process behind this experiment is the following: \u3bcp are formed in a mixture of hydrogen and a higher-Z gas. When absorbing a photon at resonance-energy \u394Ehfs 48 0.182 eV, in subsequent collisions with the surrounding H 2 molecules, the \u3bcp is quickly de-excited and accelerated by ~ 2/3 of the excitation energy. The observable is the time distribution of the K-lines X-rays emitted from the \u3bcZ formed by muon transfer (\u3bcp) + Z \u2192 (\u3bcZ)* + p, a reaction whose rate depends on the \u3bcp kinetic energy. The maximal response, to the tuned laser wavelength, of the time distribution of X-ray from K-lines of the (\u3bcZ)* cascade indicate the resonance. During the preparatory phase of the FAMU experiment, several measurements have been performed both to validate the methodology and to prepare the best configuration of target and detectors for the spectroscopic measurement. We present here the crucial study of the energy dependence of the transfer rate from muonic hydrogen to oxygen (\u39b \u3bcp \u2192 \u3bc0 ), precisely measured for the first time
First FAMU observation of muon transfer from \u3bcp atoms to higher-Z elements
Abstract: The FAMU experiment aims to accurately measure the hyperfine splitting of the ground
state of the muonic hydrogen atom. A measurement of the transfer rate of muons from hydrogen
to heavier gases is necessary for this purpose. In June 2014, within a preliminary experiment, a
pressurized gas-target was exposed to the pulsed low-energy muon beam at the RIKEN RAL muon
facility (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.). The main goal of the test was the characterization
of both the noise induced by the pulsed beam and the X-ray detectors. The apparatus, to some
extent rudimental, has served admirably to this task. Technical results have been published that
prove the validity of the choices made and pave the way for the next steps. This paper presents the
results of physical relevance of measurements of the muon transfer rate to carbon dioxide, oxygen,
and argon from non-thermalized excited \u3bcp atoms. The analysis methodology and the approach
to the systematics errors are useful for the subsequent study of the transfer rate as function of the
kinetic energy of the \u3bcp currently under way
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