4,846 research outputs found
Trading-Off Reproductive Technology and Adoption: Does Subsidizing in Vitro Fertilization Decrease Adoption Rates and Should It Matter?
For those facing infertility, using assisted reproductive technology to have genetically related children is a very expensive proposition. In particular, to produce a live birth through in vitro fertilization (IVF) will cost an individual (on average) between 114,286 in the U.S. If forced to pay these prices out of pocket, many would be unable to afford this technology. Given this reality, a number of states have attempted to improve access to reproductive technology through state-level insurance mandates that cover IVF. Several scholars, however, have worried that increasing access in this way will cause a diminution in adoptions and have argued against enactment of state mandates for that reason. In this paper, which was selected for presentation at the 2010 Stanford-Yale Junior Faculty Forum, we push against that conclusion on two fronts. First, we interrogate the normative premises of the argument and expose its contestable implicit assumptions about how the state should balance the interests of existing children waiting for adoption and those seeking access to reproductive technology in order to have genetically related children. Second, we investigate the unexamined empirical question behind the conclusion: does state subsidization of reproductive technologies through insurance mandates actually reduce adoption; that is, is there a trade-off between helping individuals conceive and helping children waiting to be adopted? We call the claim that there is such an effect the āsubstitution theory.ā Using the differential timing of introduction of state-level insurance mandates relating to IVF in some states and differences in the forms these mandates take, we employ several different econometric techniques (differences-in-differences, ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares) to examine the effect of these mandates on IVF utilization and adoption. Contrary to the assumption of the substitution theory, we find no strong evidence that state support of IVF through these mandates crowds out either domestic or international adoption.
Appendix A re-analyses our results using the insurance mandate categorization of other studies in the literature
Special Problems for Prosecutors in Public Corruption Prosecutions
The focus of this panel is not so much on the academic part of McDonnell, the case law. Of course, youāll hear the name McDonnell and weāll talk about that.
But weāre trying to talk a little more broadly about public corruption prosecutions in general. Some of these are unique issues. You heard a little bit about them from the former people who have done them, what special unique problems are involved in them and challenges the prosecutors face and what effect, if any
Ultra-high-frequency piecewise-linear chaos using delayed feedback loops
We report on an ultra-high-frequency (> 1 GHz), piecewise-linear chaotic
system designed from low-cost, commercially available electronic components.
The system is composed of two electronic time-delayed feedback loops: A primary
analog loop with a variable gain that produces multi-mode oscillations centered
around 2 GHz and a secondary loop that switches the variable gain between two
different values by means of a digital-like signal. We demonstrate
experimentally and numerically that such an approach allows for the
simultaneous generation of analog and digital chaos, where the digital chaos
can be used to partition the system's attractor, forming the foundation for a
symbolic dynamics with potential applications in noise-resilient communications
and radar
Subwavelength position sensing using nonlinear feedback and wave chaos
We demonstrate a position-sensing technique that relies on the inherent
sensitivity of chaos, where we illuminate a subwavelength object with a complex
structured radio-frequency field generated using wave chaos and a nonlinear
feedback loop. We operate the system in a quasi-periodic state and analyze
changes in the frequency content of the scalar voltage signal in the feedback
loop. This allows us to extract the object's position with a one-dimensional
resolution of ~\lambda/10,000 and a two-dimensional resolution of ~\lambda/300,
where \lambda\ is the shortest wavelength of the illuminating source.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Baryons in QCD_{AS} at Large N_c: A Roundabout Approach
QCD_{AS}, a variant of large N_c QCD in which quarks transform under the
color two-index antisymmetric representation, reduces to standard QCD at N_c =
3 and provides an alternative to the usual large N_c extrapolation that uses
fundamental representation quarks. Previous strong plausibility arguments
assert that the QCD_{AS} baryon mass scales as N_c^2; however, the complicated
combinatoric problem associated with quarks carrying two color indices impeded
a complete demonstration. We develop a diagrammatic technique to solve this
problem. The key ingredient is the introduction of an effective multi-gluon
vertex: a "traffic circle" or "roundabout" diagram. We show that arbitrarily
complicated diagrams can be reduced to simple ones with the same leading N_c
scaling using this device, and that the leading contribution to baryon mass
does, in fact, scale as N_c^2.Comment: 9 pages, 9 pdf figures, ReVTeX with pdflate
Congressional Reviews of Agency Regulations
On March 29, 1996, President Clinton signed Public Law 104-121, the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996. Title II, the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 ( Act ), among other things, added a new chapter 8 to Title 5 of the United States Code. Chapter 8 requires congressional review of agency regulations. Beginning March 29, 1996, all federal agencies, including independent agencies, are required to submit each final and interim final rule for review by Congress and to the General Accounting Office (GAO) before the final or interim final rule can take effect (hereinafter final and interim final rules will be collectively referred to as rule ).
In addition to a copy of the rule, agencies are required to submit a concise general statement relating to the rule and its proposed effective date (hereinafter referred to as a report ). Further, when an agency submits a report, the agency is also to provide GAO and to make available upon request to each house of Congress (1) a complete copy of the cost-benefit analysis of the rule, if any; (2) information concerning the agency\u27s actions under the Regulatory Flexibility Act; (3) information concerning the agency\u27s actions under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act; and (4) any other relevant information or requirements under any other law and any other Executive Order (hereinafter referred to as required information )
Ionized Gas Motions and the Structure of Feedback Near a Forming Globular Cluster in NGC 5253
We observed Brackett 4.05m emission towards the supernebula in
NGC 5253 with NIRSPEC on Keck II in adaptive optics mode, NIRSPAO, to probe
feedback from its exciting embedded super star cluster (SSC). NIRSPEC's
Slit-Viewing Camera was simultaneously used to image the K-band continuum at
resolution. We register the IR continuum with HST imaging, and
find that the visible clusters are offset from the K-band peak, which coincides
with the Br peak of the supernebula and its associated molecular
cloud. The spectra of the supernebula exhibit Br emission with a
strong, narrow core. The linewidths are 65-76 km s, FWHM, comparable to
those around individual ultra-compact HII regions within our Galaxy. A weak,
broad (FWHM150-175 km s) component is detected on the base of
the line, which could trace a population of sources with high-velocity winds.
The core velocity of Br emission shifts by +13 km s from NE to
SW across the supernebula, possibly indicating a bipolar outflow from an
embedded object, or linked to a foreground redshifted gas filament. The results
can be explained if the supernebula comprises thousands of ionized wind regions
around individual massive stars, stalled in their expansion due to critical
radiative cooling and unable to merge to drive a coherent cluster wind. Based
on the absence of an outflow with large mass loss, we conclude that feedback is
currently ineffective at dispersing gas, and the SSC retains enriched material
out of which it may continue to form stars.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
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