Die Afrikaanse volkskultuur en die nuwe wêreld

Die opskrif dwing die referent om te opereer met twee begrippe wat deur hulle kompleksiteit en onbelyndheid uiters moeilik bepaalbaar en hanteerbaar is. Alhoewel sommige strominge in die moderne Volkekunde die reg van hierdie wetenskap erken om alle volkskulture, ook dié van die moderne volke te bestudeer, het weinig skrywers hulle energie en vaardigheid in hierdie rigting gewaag. Dit is trouens juis die begrensdheid, homogeniteit en betreklike eenvoud van die primitiewe volkskulture wat die beoefenaars van die vak in die praktyk gedwing en verlei het om hulle aandag feitlik uitsluitend op sodanige kultuurstudies toe te spits. Die studie van die grotere en moderne volke is links gelaat aangesien die getalsterkte, interne verskeidenheid en snelle veranderinge byna onoorkoomlike eise aan die navorser stel

Die onlangse bewindverandering in Afrika

Na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het Afrika die aandag op horn getrek veral ten gevolge van die snelle ontvoogdingsproses ten opsigte van sy vroeere onderhorige gebiede en wel op ’n skaal en teen 'n tempo wat die benaming politieke rewolusie geregverdig het. Daar was baie wat hiervan nie veel goeds verwag het nie, maar hulle waarskuwings is versmoor onder die geklank van optimistiese jubelsange van hoe verwagtings oor die vrye state en nasies van onafhanklike Afrika. Die humanitere en liberale demokrasie is geloof as die verlossende mag en die ligbringende krag in die vroeere donker kontinent

Die problematiek van volkswording in Afrika

Die groeiende proses van ontvoogding van Afrika het plaasgevind met die klem op bepaalde gebiede: Ghana, Nigerië, Kenia e.d.m. Die mense van die gebiede het op die agtergrond van die kenniswêreld en van die bewussyn gebly. Hiervoor moet waarskynlik twee veroorsakende faktore verantwoordelik gehou word. Die een is ’n erfenis uit die koloniale tydperk. Dit was kenmerkend van die stormloop na Afrika dat die belanghebbende koloniseerders „kleims” afgepen het. Hulle het letterlik beslag gelê op territoriaal-administratiewe eenhede en het dienooreenkomstig grense bepaal waarby die organiese, histories-geworde etniese eenhede weinig of geensins in ag geneem is nie

Kommunikasie in Afrika

Met die oog op die tema vir die Seminare vir 1966 t.w. Kommunikasie in Afrika, word hiermee ’n kort en algemene oorsig aangebied ten einde enige lig te laat val op die agtergrond en voor die ingryping deur koloniste van Europese herkoms

Retoriek van godsdienstige politiek in Psalm 2

The rhetoric of religious politics in Psalm 2: The rhetorical argumentation strategies of Psalm 2 as a political-cultic poem are explored in order to highlight the function of these strategies, the exigency and the audience of the initial rhetorical situation. During the creation process of the psalm, the rhetor must have been influenced by the royal court or the king himself, reflecting aspects of the evolutionary process which the Zion theology went through. The rhetor's creation was to be implemented lively during the inauguration ceremony of the Judean king as rhetorical action during which the king (as new rhetor), the world rulers and nations (as universal audience), the Judean audience present at the political-cultic ceremony, as well as Yahweh were engaged in collaborative rhetorical action.Continued 2001 as 'Verbum et Ecclesia'Spine cut of Journal binding and pages scanned on flatbed EPSON Expression 10000 XL; 400dpi; text/lineart - black and white - stored to Tiff Derivation: Abbyy Fine Reader v.9 work with PNG-format (black and white); Photoshop CS3; Adobe Acrobat v.9 Web display format PDFhttp://explore.up.ac.za/record=b102527

Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Introduction: The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. Methods: In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. Findings: Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2–6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23–11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. Interpretation: After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research

Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease

One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers of alterations in nerve tissue repair (SPON-1 and NFASC) were elevated in those with cognitive impairment and SCG3, suggestive of brain–gut axis disturbance, was elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was persistently elevated in some individuals with long COVID, but virus was not detected in sputum. Analysis of inflammatory markers in nasal fluids showed no association with symptoms. Our study aimed to understand inflammatory processes that underlie long COVID and was not designed for biomarker discovery. Our findings suggest that specific inflammatory pathways related to tissue damage are implicated in subtypes of long COVID, which might be targeted in future therapeutic trials

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Die retoriek van godsdienstige pllitiek in Psalm 2

The rhetorical argumentation strategies of Psalm 2 as a political-cultic poem are explored in order to highlight the function of these strategies, the exigency and the audience of the initial rhetorical situation. During the creation process of the psalm, the rhetor must have been influenced by the royal court or the king himself, reflecting aspects of the evolutionary process which the Zion theology went through. The rhetor's creation was to be implemented lively during the inauguration ceremony of the Judean king as rhetorical action during which the king (as new rhetor), the world rulers and nations (as universal audience), the Judean audience present at the political-cultic ceremony, as well as Yahweh were engaged in collaborative rhetorical action

Die rol van die ouers van Simson in die Simsonsage (Rigters 13-16))

The role of� the parents of Samson in the Samson saga (Judges 13-16) The� parents� of Samson,� Manoah� and his� wife,� play� an� important� literary and� theological� role� not� only� in� Judges� 13� where� they� act� as� main characters,� but� also� in� the� rest� of� the� saga� where� they� occur� in� a diminishing� role.� By means� of� the� interaction� between� the� characters and the� underlying� motifs� originating� from� them� (especially� the� parents), Samson's� conduct� in� relationship� with� his parents� becomes an� illustration of� the� tension found� in� the� life of� the people of� Israel,� viz.� that between the orderly social� institutions� on� the� one� hand and the� natural non-traditional forces� in a developing society on the other hand