3,149 research outputs found
Content validation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for stroke from gender perspective using a qualitative approach
BACKGROUND: The extended ICF Core Set for stroke is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) with the purpose to represent the typical spectrum of functioning of persons with stroke.AIM: The objective of the study is to add evidence to the content validity of the extended ICF Core Set for stroke from persons after stroke taking into account gender perspective.DESIGN AND SETTING: A qualitative study design was conducted by using individual interviews with women and men after stroke in an in- and outpatient rehabilitation setting.METHODS: The sampling followed the maximum variation strategy. Sample size was determined by saturation. Concepts from qualitative data analysis were linked to ICF categories and compared to the extended ICF Core Set for stroke.RESULTS: Twelve women and 12 men participated in 24 individual interviews. In total, 143 out of 166 ICF categories included in the extended ICF Core Set for stroke were confirmed (women: N.=13; men: N.=17; both genders: N.=113). Thirty-eight additional categories that are not yet included in the extended ICF Core Set for stroke were raised by women and men.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the experience of functioning and disability after stroke shows communalities and differences for women and men. The validity of the extended ICF Core Set for stroke could be mostly confirmed, since it does not only include those areas of functioning and disability relevant to both genders but also those exclusively relevant to either women or men.<br/
Cognition in children and young adults with myoclonus dystonia - A case control study
INTRODUCTION: In adult patients with myoclonus dystonia (MD), cognitive deficits regarding information processing speed and executive functioning have been demonstrated, but it is unclear whether cognition is also affected in young MD patients. The present study investigates cognition in young MD patients and the role of an SGCE mutation. METHODS: In this case control study 20 young MD patients (9 children (5.75-12.58 years) and 11 adolescents/young adults (13.5-25.42 years)) were included and compared to an age-, IQ- and gender-matched healthy control group (n = 40). Within the patient group, we compared patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 8) an SGCE mutation (SGCE+/-). All participants completed neuropsychological tests for memory, attention/processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition and language. RESULTS: Overall, patients performed in the (low) average range, comparable to healthy controls. Only on a semantic fluency test, patients scored significantly lower. SGCE + patients had lower emotion recognition scores (a social cognition test) compared to SGCE-patients. CONCLUSION: We could not demonstrate cognitive deficits as found in adult MD patients in our younger group. Patients performed on the same level as healthy controls, with only a small difference in semantic fluency. We did not find executive deficits that were manifest in adult SGCE + patients, but we did find an association of an SGCE mutation and lower scores on a social cognition test. Similar to executive functioning, social cognition is a prefrontally regulated function, but had not been tested in adult MD. Hence, social cognition may precede executive problems in adulthood, suggesting growing into deficit
Functioning and disability in multiple sclerosis from the patient perspective
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a great impact on functioning and disability. The perspective of those who experience the health problem has to be taken into account to obtain an in-depth understanding of functioning and disability. The objective was to describe the areas of functioning and disability and relevant contextual factors in MS from the patient perspective. A qualitative study using focus group methodology was performed. The sample size was determined by saturation. The focus groups were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. The meaning condensation procedure was used for data analysis. Identified concepts were linked to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories according to established linking rules. Six focus groups with a total of 27 participants were performed. In total, 1327 concepts were identified and linked to 106 ICF categories of the ICF components Body Functions, Activities and Participation and Environmental Factors. This qualitative study reports on the impact of MS on functioning and disability from the patient perspective. The participants in this study provided information about all physical aspects and areas of daily life affected by the disease, as well as the environmental factors influencing their lives
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Development of an assessment set to evaluate functioning based on the Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions - ICF HandA
Timely identification of patients' problems after disorder or injury of the hand requires a thorough functional assessment. However, the variety of outcome measures available makes it difficult to choose the appropriate instrument. The brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions) provides a standard for what aspects need to be measured in hand injuries and disorders without specifying how to make the assessment. We developed the ICF-based Assessment Hand (ICF HandA), an assessment set for functioning based on the Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions. First, we performed a literature review and an expert survey to pool outcome measures appropriate to assess functioning in clinical practice. At an interdisciplinary consensus conference experts decided on the outcome measures to be included in the ICF HandA. The ICF HandA provides a consensus on outcome measures and instruments to systematically assess function in patients with hand injuries and disorders
Information environment of project training accommodation
The article considers the issues of information support for project teaching of students. The configuration and composition of the information environment based on the areas of knowledge of project management
Money in monetary policy design: monetary cross-checking in the New-Keynesian model
In the New-Keynesian model, optimal interest rate policy under uncertainty is formulated without reference to monetary aggregates as long as certain standard assumptions on the distributions of unobservables are satisfied. The model has been criticized for failing to explain common trends in money growth and inflation, and that therefore money should be used as a cross-check in policy formulation (see Lucas (2007)). We show that the New-Keynesian model can explain such trends if one allows for the possibility of persistent central bank misperceptions. Such misperceptions motivate the search for policies that include additional robustness checks. In earlier work, we proposed an interest rate rule that is near-optimal in normal times but includes a cross-check with monetary information. In case of unusual monetary trends, interest rates are adjusted. In this paper, we show in detail how to derive the appropriate magnitude of the interest rate adjustment following a significant cross-check with monetary information, when the New-Keynesian model is the central bank’s preferred model. The cross-check is shown to be effective in offsetting persistent deviations of inflation due to central bank misperceptions. Keywords: Monetary Policy, New-Keynesian Model, Money, Quantity Theory, European Central Bank, Policy Under Uncertaint
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