3,273 research outputs found
Roman Legal Tradition and the Mismanagement of Hunting Resources
Hunting and game-preservation are interrelated: hunting must respect the intentions of game-preservation, and game-preservation must rely on hunting as one method to achieve its intentions. HASENKAMP (1995) applied the Economic Theory of Common Resources to the problem to provide conclusions about the management and conservation of hunting resources. These conclusions are reflected in the existing relevant legal hunting setting in Germany. German Law contains legal principles that confronts the hunter with the objectives of hunting preservation and held him the responsibility for pursuing these goals. In our paper, we derive a model of hunting management, adapting the GORDON/SCHAEFER fisheries model. The conclusions of the model, similar with those of Hasenkamp, are confronted with Portuguese hunting regulation. We conclude that Portugal has a Roman legal tradition with respect to hunting propertyrights. To the Roman conception, the wild animals constitute res nullius (things without owner) that all men can appropriate by ocupatio. The classification of free land implicates the idea that the hunter has the freedom of access to hunt in otherâs land, although respecting imposed norms. This tradition of open access is the root-cause of hunting depletion. But, at the same time, the legislator sees it as a form of giving the hunters without land, the possibility of enjoying this activity. This is compatible with the Portuguese tradition, which almost attributes a personality right to the right of hunting.
Intra-industry trade and labor costs: The smooth adjustment hypothesis
We study a situation in which, owing to the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources, conventional motor vehicles will turn out of use. We consider two scenarios: recycling or dismantling these motor vehicles. M|G|â queue system is used to study the process. Through it, we conclude that if the rate of dismantling and recycling of motor vehicles is greater than the rate at which they become idle, the system will tend to get balanced. The model allows also performing a brief study about the recycling or dismantling economic interest.
The Tragedy of the Anti-Commons: A New Problem. An Application to the Fisheries.
The operation and management of common property resources (âthe commonsâ) have been exhaustively examined in economics and political science, both in formal analysis and in practical applications. âTragedy of the Commonsâ metaphor helps to explain why people overuse shared resources. On the other side, Anti-Commons Theory is a recent theory presented by scientists to explain several situations about new Property Rights concerns. An âanti-commonsâ problem arises when there are multiple rights to exclude. Little attention has been given to the setting where more than one person is assigned with exclusion rights, which may be exercised. We analyze the âanti-commonsâ problem in which resources are inefficiently underutilized rather than over-utilized as in the familiar commons setting. In fact, these two problems are symmetrical in several aspects.Anti-Commons Theory; Property Rights
Rights based management and the reform of the common fisheries policy : an evaluation of portuguese experience
Recently, the Pew Environment Group released a study that finds that E. U. fisheries have failed to reduce fleet capacity thus exerting fishing pressure on stocks at two/three time sustainable levels. The members evaluated in this study accounted for more than 90% of European fisheries subsidies. Overcapacity and overcapitalisation of the sector was identified as the principal failure of the Common Fisheries Policy. The study also highlights that member-states failed to take environmental and social concerns into consideration when allocating public funding.
This conclusion may be well important in the CFP reform (2012) and put again the discussion about the tools that can be used to get sustainable management and better cohesion.
The idea of creating markets for fishing rights as a means of internalising the externalities derived from the common property nature of fisheries have received considerable attention by the founding fathers of Law and Economics and Fisheries Economics such as Coase, Scott and Christy. The idea is to create a market of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and confide in the self-regulation of such a system to conduct the fisheries to the economic efficiency and to promote inter-temporal sustainable use of resources.
Rights Based Management schemes have already been experimented in some specific fisheries and localizations. These experiences have a lot of teaching results about good practices of sustainable fisheries management and also about the limitations/ risks of these tools. These conclusions are fundamental to explore the feasibility of these tools as instruments of conservation in the CFP.
The purpose of our Communication is to enter this debate and evaluate the Portuguese experience with rights based management
'Two decades after the war' - the management of international commons
Memory is important, also for Economics. The ephemeris can be used not only as moments of who relives the past in a single-rewind-perspective but of those who use these occasions to reflect on the past and to project the future from it. 1995 was a special year for fisheries in Portugal. Never before and never again, was the sector so under the eye of the media. First pages every day journals, opening in the TV daily informative programs?, and that, for more than three months. A unique scenario... The cause was a fish war in the NAFO area, between Spain and Canada, about a species, the turbot, that put also the Portuguese in a big tension. Two decades after the war, our proposal goes through resume the so-called turbot war and, from it, to reflect on its causes, how the problems were solved and to outlook for the guidelines of future research. Our paper therefore has the following structure. In the first and second points, the original problems of High Sea fisheries management and how they reflected in practice in the turbot war, are presented. In section 3 we reflect on how the problem was solved. Theoretically we shortly review the basic results of the literature on this issue, in particular those arising from the usual combination of the basic model of fisheries management with Game Theory. In empirical terms we draw attention to the diplomatic efforts between the EU and Canada to overcome disagreements that led to war and to promote a cooperative agreement that would avoid the problem of overfishing on the High Sea. The rationale and substance of the 1995 UN Agreement on Transboundary Resources and Highly Migratory Species, its strengths and weaknesses, is presented and discussed. Finally, in Section 4, the paper reflects on the theoretical and practical issues that still pose important questions to this problematic and ask for some perspectives on future developments
Roman legal tradition and the mismanagement of hunting resources
Hunting and game-preservation are interrelated: hunting must respect the intentions of game-preservation, and game-preservation must rely on hunting as one method to achieve its intentions.
HASENKAMP (1995) applied the Economic Theory of Common Resources to the problem to provide conclusions about the management and conservation of hunting resources. These conclusions are reflected in the existing relevant legal hunting setting in Germany. German Law contains legal principles that confronts the hunter with the objectives of hunting preservation and held him the responsibility for pursuing these goals.
In our paper, we derive a model of hunting management, adapting the GORDON/SCHAEFER fisheries model. The conclusions of the model, similar with those of Hasenkamp, are confronted with Portuguese hunting regulation.
We conclude that Portugal has a Roman legal tradition with respect to hunting propertyrights.
To the Roman conception, the wild animals constitute res nullius (things without owner) that all men can appropriate by ocupatio. The classification of free land
implicates the idea that the hunter has the freedom of access to hunt in otherâs land,
although respecting imposed norms. This tradition of open access is the root-cause of
hunting depletion. But, at the same time, the legislator sees it as a form of giving the hunters without land, the possibility of enjoying this activity. This is compatible with the Portuguese tradition, which almost attributes a personality right to the right of hunting
Tragedies on natural resources a commons and anticommons approach
Ambiguous concepts blur analytical and policy prescription clarity.
In the literature on Natural Resources it would be difficult to find a concept as
misunderstood as commons. This paper clarifies this confusion and establishes an
adequate conceptualisation. A typology of property-rights regimes relevant to common
property resources is presented and a new concept â anticommons - is introduced.
The reflex of this regimes distinction on the design of the natural resources policy is
discussed and this conceptualisation is used to study exemplar cases in the area of
fisheries and aquaculture policy in Portugal
AnĂĄlise e diagnĂłstico do edificado com mais de 50 anos a reabilitar em Lisboa: edifĂcios "gaioleiros"
A reabilitação do edificado em Lisboa é um fenómeno que tem vindo a ser abordado hå jå alguns anos, com resultados ainda insuficientes.
Entre outras razĂ”es que contribuĂram para a situação actual, referem-se trĂȘs das principais:
- Congelamento de rendas
- Especulação imobiliåria
- Falta de legislação especĂfica
Este trabalho estĂĄ estruturado em duas partes fundamentais.
Na primeira parte Ă© um enquadramento histĂłrico e de desenvolvimento urbanĂstico, que vai do inicio do sĂ©culo XIX atĂ© finais do sĂ©culo XIX, a que a cidade de Lisboa assistiu. AtravĂ©s de avanços e recuos, foi possĂvel olhar-se Lisboa a norte, âdir-se-ĂĄ de costas voltadas ao Tejoâ.
Lisboa nĂŁo se via fora de uma âtelaâ que tivesse como pano de fundo o Rio Tejo, sempre pensada entre oriente e ocidente.
A segunda parte, em que Ă© feita a anĂĄlise e diagnĂłstico do edificado a reabilitar com mais de 50 anos, corresponde ao perĂodo entre 1870 a 1930, edifĂcios de paredes resistentes e pavimentos de madeira (do tipo gaioleiro).
Neste estudo ilustra-se o estado actual de um conjunto de edifĂcios da Ă©poca, atravĂ©s de observação visual e directa, recolha fotogrĂĄfica e consulta directa a elementos de processos de obra constantes no Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa.
à feita a caracterização construtiva dos casos de estudo, o estado de degradação dos mesmos, incluindo patologias em fundaçÔes, paredes resistentes, pavimentos de madeira e coberturas
- âŠ