Efficient Modeling of Preemption in a Virtual Prototype

A virtual prototype combines a hardware model with hardware/software cosimulation to support the development and debugging of embedded software before a hardware prototype is available. Existing techniques for hardware /software cosimulation execute the software either on an instruction set simulator for accuracy, or on the simulator host processor for increased performance. On the host processor, timing is either completely ignored or approximated using timing annotations in the code. Although preemption (interrupts) can strongly influence the timing, it is rarely modeled to avoid a performance degrading that would make the virtual prototype unusable, especially for real time signal processing software simulations which is already time consuming as such

Culture and Food Security

This paper reviewsavailable cross-disciplinary evidence on howculture affectsfood security.We discuss the impact ofculture onall four dimensions(availability, access and choice, utilization, and stability). Although there is large heterogeneity in the size and breadth of available evidence, with research often biased toward high-come countries, it is clear that how and why we obtain, process, prepare, and eatfoodis influenced by culture in various ways.In addition, gender, family, and decision-making power play a critical role intheimpactofculture. The dynamics of cultureas well as the magnitude andrelative importanceof cultural effectsin the context of food security are still poorly understood. Nevertheless,there remains ample scope for improvingfood security policy by taking culture better into account.status: Published onlin

Culture and food security

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. This paper reviews available cross-disciplinary evidence on how culture affects food security. We discuss the impact of culture on all four dimensions (availability, access and choice, utilization, and stability). There is large heterogeneity in the size and breadth of available evidence, with research often biased toward high-come countries. The dynamics as well as the magnitude and relative importance of cultural effects on food security are still poorly understood. Despite these gaps in the literature, it is clear that how and why we obtain, process, prepare, and eat food is influenced by culture in various ways. Gender, family, and decision-making power play a critical role in interacting with culture and its impact on food security. There remains ample scope for improving food security policy by taking culture better into account.status: publishe

Exploiting the Expressiveness of Cyclo-Static Dataflow to Model Multimedia Implementations

The design of increasingly complex and concurrent multimedia systems requires a description at a higher abstraction level. Using an appropriate model of computation helps to reason about the system and enables design time analysis methods. The nature of multimedia processing matches in many cases well with cyclo-static dataflow (CSDF), making it a suitable model. However, channels in an implementation often use for cost reasons a kind of shared buffer that cannot be directly described in CSDF. This paper shows how such implementation specific aspects can be expressed in CSDF without the need for extensions. Consequently, the CSDF graph remains completely analyzable and allows reasoning about its temporal behavior. The obtained relation between model and implementation enables a buffer capacity analysis on the model while assuring the throughput of the final implementation. The capabilities of the approach are demonstrated by analyzing the temporal behavior of an MPEG-4 video encoder with a CSDF graph