In Vitro Testing of Rifampicin and Fosmidomycin for Anti-Parasitic Activity against Theileria equi and Babesia caballi

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a disease that negatively impacts the horse industry worldwide and is caused by two distinct species of protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Currently the United States is considered free of EP and strict regulations are in place to prevent its introduction. If an outbreak does occur, there are two options for infected horses: lifelong quarantine or humane euthanization. Treatment options are limited in their ability to clear infection. Rifampicin and fosmidomycin are anti-microbial agents that are successful at treating related protozoan diseases, such as malaria. These two drugs were screened for anti-protozoal properties against the erythrocytic stage of T. equi and B. caballi by performing in vitro inhibition assays. Parasite growth was evaluated over a 72 h treatment period and was significantly reduced for both species with notable morphological changes. Rifampicin was shown to possess more potent effects at lower concentrations than fosmidomycin for both T. equi and B. caballi. Based on data acquired during the trial, further in vitro and in vivo tests should be performed for rifampicin and fosmidomycin. Further, the results attained suggest that other existing anti-microbials should be evaluated for their efficacy in treating EP

Ida Sedgwick Proper Correspondence

Entries include brief biographical information, typed and handwritten letters on The Boston Society for Psychic Research stationery, a Boston Herald newspaper clipping with the photographic image of Braganza concerning his plans for a world congress occult convention wherein Prince disputes Braganza\u27s credentials, photographs of Prince family homesteads, a typed biography, a biographical newspaper announcement, a typed obituary, a biographical newspaper clipping with a photographic image of Prince, and note of Prince\u27s photograph of the birthplace of Artemus Ward missing from this file

Owen Davis Correspondence

Entries include brief and some erroneous, biographical information, a handwritten letter on personal stationery, and a typed letter on Walter H. Baker Company, Dramatic Publications, stationery from Johnson

Quantifying the Effects of Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen and Thermal Fatigue Environments on Carbon Nanotube Sheets for Space-Based Applications

The effects of atomic oxygen and thermal fatigue on two different types of carbon nanotube sheets were studied. One set was treated with nitric acid, while the other set was left untreated. Monotonic tensile tests were performed before and after exposure to determine the effects of either exposure type on the sheets’ mechanical properties. Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference measurements were recorded to determine the effects of AO-exposure and thermal cycling on the sheets’ electrical properties. Neither exposure type affected the sheets’ specific strengths. Both exposure types increased the sheets’ specific stiffnesses and decreased the sheets’ strains at failure. The electrical conductivity of both sheets decreased due to the different exposure types, while the EMI shielding effectiveness was unaffected. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe any changes in the sheets’ surface morphologies, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the effects of AO on the sheets’ chemical makeup

Lincoln Colcord Correspondence

Entries include typed and handwritten letters on personal punched paper stationery, a brief printed biography with the photographic image of Colcord, a lengthy biographical article I Was Born in a Storm At Sea from Coronet magazine, a newspaper feature article clipping with a photographic portrait of Colcord, an image of Colcord sailing with youngsters, the image of breaking rollers from his father\u27s vessel, and a typed letter on Penobscot Marine Museum, Office of the Secretary, stationery

Elisabeth Ogilvie Correspondence

Entries include review clippings, typed and hand written letters -- some on Tide\u27s Way stationery, a newspaper article about a historical Episcopalian pageant-drama written by Ogilvie with her photographic image, a handwritten card, and a copy of a publisher newspaper clipping

Ground-dwelling arthropod responses to succession in a pinyon-juniper woodland

Stand-replacing wildfire is an infrequent but important disturbance in southwestern pinyon-juniper woodlands. A typical successional cycle in these woodlands is approximately 300 years or more after a stand-replacing fire. Arthropods, especially ground-dwelling taxa, are one of the most abundant and diverse fauna in terrestrial ecosystems and are typically responsive to microhabitat change. Little is known regarding community responses of ground-dwelling arthropods to changes in woodland successional stages from early ecosystems dominated by grasses, herbaceous plants, and fire adapted shrubs to tree-dominated old-growth ecosystems. In 2007 and 2008, within Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, we compared the community composition of ground-dwelling arthropods between old-growth pinyon-juniper stands that were 300–400 years old and early successional areas recovering from a stand-replacing fire in 2002. The 2002 fire eliminated the dominant woody vegetation, which was replaced by increased herbaceous vegetation and bare ground. The early successional arthropod community showed a significantly higher abundance in major arthropod taxonomic groups, except spiders, compared to old-growth woodland. Old-growth species richness was greater in late August–September, 2007 and greater in early successional habitats during April–July, 2008. Spatial variability of the habitat was much greater in the recently burned early successional plots than the old-growth late successional plots. The differences in habitat were strongly correlated with arthropod community composition, suggesting that ground-dwelling arthropods are very sensitive to habitat changes. Habitat affiliation was strong, with 83% (early succession ruderal) and 91% (old-growth woodland) of the species found primarily or exclusively in one habitat. Many habitat indicator species (defined as species found in significantly greater abundance in one habitat) were found in both burned and old-growth habitats. Several species were found to be strict specialists exclusive to only one of these habitats. Collectively, the results suggest that heightened concern over loss of old-growth woodlands is warranted, given the distinct nature of the ground-dwelling arthropod community in old-growth habitats

Ava Harriet Chadbourne Correspondence

Entries include a handwritten biographical letter and handwritten and typed letters on University of Maine, Orono, School of Education, and personal stationery

Beaman Douglass Correspondence

Entries include a handwritten biography on Columbia University Club stationery and handwritten letters on Hotel Lenox stationery and the personal stationery of his wife