Free Software’s Market-Oriented Aspects:The Example of Free Software Service Companies in France

Considering the french case of Free Software Service Companies (FSSCs), this paper analyses Free software’s market-oriented aspects. We try to answer a fundamental question for free software: is the software industry have room for an alternative economic model based on the communities’ ethic? Analysing FSSCs’ competition with traditionnal IT Service Companies (ITSCs) and regarding the integration of free software in the ITSCs’ product offer, we show how the software sector’s strutures could explain both FSSCs and ITSCs recent changes.Free software, Organisational production, Software industry

The coordination issues of relocations: How proximity still matters in location of software development activities\r\n

The objective of this article is to investigate the dynamics of relocations at the micro-economic level. By proposing a grid of “dynamics of proximities”, we focus on the coordination issues which seem to be missing from most of analyses carried about relocations. We apply our framework to software development activities. The proposition we develop in this paper is the following: mobility, ICT use and modularity reduce the need for geographical proximity and favour relocations but, in order to succeed, relocations need to have the support of organisational and institutional proximities to ensure effective coordination between entities and individuals.relocation, software development, dynamics of proximity, coordination.

The coordination issues of relocations: How proximity still matters in location of software development activities\r\n

The objective of this article is to investigate the dynamics of relocations at the micro-economic level. By proposing a grid of “dynamics of proximities”, we focus on the coordination issues which seem to be missing from most of analyses carried about relocations. We apply our framework to software development activities. The proposition we develop in this paper is the following: mobility, ICT use and modularity reduce the need for geographical proximity and favour relocations but, in order to succeed, relocations need to have the support of organisational and institutional proximities to ensure effective coordination between entities and individuals.relocation, software development, dynamics of proximity, coordination

Free software opportunities for developing countries (In French)

Our paper analyses the free software opportunities for developing economies. First we consider the adoption’s dimension. We show that they seem to be a credible option to support the computerization of these countries. Indeed, the free software could be an alternative to the piracy. Second we consider the importance of the argument of technological independence. In this perspective, we discuss the appropriatenesses of free software for the productive system of these countries.Software industry, Free software, Developing economies.

Organizational change and institutional diversity (In French)

This paper proposes a review of the literature on the analysis of organizational change. Part 1 identifies three main factors of institutional change: competition, technological change and evolution in the institutional environment. Part 2 discusses industrial dynamics’ approaches of the organizational change, from a diachronic point of view (historical dimension) and from a synchronic one (diversity of firms’ organizational model within a sectorial or institutional context).Business models; Firms; Institutional diversity; Organizational change

Spatial dynamics of firms (In French)

This paper is a survey of the literature about the spatial dynamics of firms. In a first part, we discuss about the traditional theories of location. We review the insights of these theories but also their limits. In particular, we stress the necessity to organize a true dialog between the approaches focusing on firms\' organization, and those who are focusing on the territorial dimension. In other words, we stress that it is a necessity to cross Industrial dynamics and Regional science. In this perspective, the second part of the paper explores the contribution of the Economics of Proximities’ approach. After a presentation of the French school of proximity, we apply this framework to some key current issuesIndustry, Space, Location, Firm, Proximity

The effects of fluid loss on physical performance: A critical review

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this review was to critically analyse the current evidence investigating the effect of an athlete's hydration status on physical performance.MethodsA literature search of multiple databases was used to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included studies were then critically appraised using the Downs and Black protocol.ResultsNine articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria, with an average score of 79% for methodological quality representative of a “high” standard of research.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that dehydration has a negative impact on physical performance for activities lasting more than 30 s in duration. However dehydration was found to have no significant impact on physical performance for activities lasting less than 15 s in duration

Clima laboral y su influencia en el desempeño del personal administrativo de la Municipalidad Provincial de Chanchamayo - La Merced, 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar de qué manera el clima laboral influye en el desempeño del personal administrativo de la Municipalidad Provincial de Chanchamayo - La Merced, 2021. La metodología de investigación de la presente tesis fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con una investigación de tipo básica, de nivel correlacional- causal. La población objetivo estuvo conformado por 51 trabajadores administrativos de diversas áreas de la Municipalidad Provincial de Chanchamayo -La Merced. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó dos cuestionarios elaborados con ítems cerrados, con escala de Likert, los cuales se aplicaron a la población objetivo del estudio. Ambos cuestionarios fueron sometidos a validez de juicio de expertos y los veredictos fueron de aprobados; asimismo, se calculó la confiabilidad de los cuestionarios con la técnica Alfa de Cronbach; cuyos coeficientes fueron 0,852 y 0,868 para ambos cuestionarios de las variables Clima laboral y Desempeño del personal respectivamente, lo cual indicó que los instrumentos eran altamente confiables para su aplicación. Se concluyó que el clima laboral influye significativamente en el desempeño del personal administrativo de la Municipalidad Provincial de Chanchamayo- La Merced, 2021. Donde se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Rho de Spearman y se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de 0,897; lo cual indica una correlación e influencia significativa y directa y a la vez muy alta entre ambas variables.The objective of this research was to determine how the work climate influences the performance of the administrative staff of the Chanchamayo Provincial Municipality, 2021. The research methodology of this thesis was a quantitative approach, with a basic type of research, of correlational-explanatory level. The target population was made up of 51 migrant workers from various areas of the Chanchamayo Provincial Municipality. Two questionnaires with closed items, with a Likert scale, were used to collect data, and were applied to the target population of the study. Both questionnaires were submitted to validity of expert judgment and the verdicts were approved; likewise, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated with the Cronbach Alpha technique; whose coefficients were 0,852 and 0.868 for both questionnaires of the variables Work Climate and Staff Performance respectively, which indicated that the instruments were highly reliable for their application. It was concluded that the work climate significantly influences the performance of the administrative staff of the Provincial Municipality of Chanchamayo, 2021. Where Spearman’s Rho correlation test was applied and a correlation coefficient of 0.897 was obtained, indicating a very high correlation and influence between both variables