La inclusión educativa de niños con necesidades educativas especiales en edad preescolar en la ciudad de Cuenca

El Estado ecuatoriano a partir de la puesta en vigencia del currículo de educación básica 2010, declara la obligatoriedad de la inclusión educativa para las personas con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Este proceso de inclusión requiere de un nivel adecuado de preparación, de compromiso, de aceptación, de un bagaje de conocimientos técnicos y metodológicos, un nivel de sensibilidad hacia las personas con necesidades especiales y, en particular,a los niños y niñas que lo padecen. En Ecuador la educación especial ha trabajado durante muchos años en el empeño de potencializar y asegurar condiciones educativas adecuadas para los niños y niñas que presentan NEE, en su mayor parte derivadas de una discapacidad, quienes a lo largo de la historia han sido víctimas de actitudes y acciones de discriminación tanto en el ámbito social, educativo y laboral

Genetic diversity of Ectocarpus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) in Peru and northern Chile, the area of origin of the genome-sequenced strain

International audienceThe origin of the Ectocarpus strain used for genome sequencing (the ‘genome strain’) was Peru, where no Ectocarpus had been reported previously. To study the genetic diversity in the region and to increase the number of individuals from this area available for genetic experiments, 119 new Ectocarpus strains were isolated from eight localities along the 3000 km of coastline from central Peru to central Chile.Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) genotyping revealed nine different genotypes, five of which were endemic to the area studied and three of which were previously unknown.Individuals of the same genotype as the genome strain occurred from Peru to northernmost Chile, representing 61% of the samples in this area, from which five more genotypes were isolated. Further south, down to central Chile, most individuals belonged to Ectocarpus siliculosus, Ectocarpus fasciculatus and Ectocarpus crouaniorum. In sexual crosses, the genome strain and the new isolates of the same genotype were fully compatible.Sequences from four nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic markers (ITS1, ITS2, Rubisco spacer and Cytochrome‐c oxidase subunit 3 (cox3)) separated the genome strain from the known species of Ectocarpus. It may in future be recognized as a separate species

Shear-Induced Alignment of Janus Particle Lamellar Structures

Control over the alignment of colloidal structures plays a crucial role in advanced reconfigurable materials. In this work, we study the alignment of Janus particle lamellar structures under shear flow via Brownian dynamics simulations. Lamellar alignment (orientation relative to flow direction) is measured as a function of the Péclet number (<i>Pe</i>)the ratio of the viscous shear to the Brownian forcesthe particle volume fraction, and the strength of the anisotropic interaction potential made dimensionless with thermal energy. Under conditions where lamellar structures are formed, three orientation regimes are observed: (1) random orientation for very small <i>Pe</i>, (2) parallel orientationlamellae with their normals parallel to the direction of the velocity gradientfor intermediate values of <i>Pe</i>, and (3) perpendicular orientationlamellae with their normals parallel to the vorticity directionfor large <i>Pe</i>. To understand the alignment mechanism, we carry out a scaling analysis of competing torques between a pair of particles in the lamellar structure. Our results suggest that the change of parallel to perpendicular orientation is independent of the particle volume fraction and is caused by the hydrodynamic and Brownian torques on the particles overcoming the torques resulting from the interparticle interactions. This initial study of shear-induced alignment on lamellar structures formed by Janus colloidal particles also opens the door for future applications where a reversible actuator for structure orientation is required

Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Accumulating evidence converges on a characteristic pattern of lower fronto-temporal cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to controls. However, SZ is a heterogeneous disorder, and conventional mean-based analyses may disguise a substantial heterogeneity among patients. A recent meta-analysis reported higher brain volume variability in SZ patients in several cortical and subcortical structures lower variability in anterior cingulate volume as compared to healthy taken to indicate a pervasive involvement of the anterior cingulate in SZ. Here, we compared regional brain structural dispersion within patients with SZ and controls using a mega-analytic approach