Cuisine et schizophrénie : activité carrefour d’une évaluation écologique, ergothérapique et neuropsychologique

Dans cette étude exploratoire, les auteurs examinent les différentes évaluations ergothérapiques et neuropsychologiques utilisées pour analyser qualitativement et quantitativement les déficits rencontrés par les patients schizophrènes. Les auteurs estiment qu’il est nécessaire d’explorer davantage leurs répercussions dans la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne (AVQ) et domestique (AVD) et ainsi, ont voulu vérifier si la distinction entre deux niveaux d’autonomie fonctionnelle pouvait se traduire en différences au plan cognitif et clinique chez (25) 23 patients inclus dans un programme pour jeunes adultes (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) à Montréal. Ces patients avaient l’opportunité, au sein du programme clinique, de se soumettre à des évaluations d’ordre neuropsychologique ainsi qu’à des évaluations offertes par le service d’ergothérapie grâce à un outil très fréquemment utilisé par les ergothérapeutes intitulé Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). L’objectif de cet article est de conjuguer deux regards possibles, issus de deux disciplines différentes, sur une activité très courante pour les êtres humains, à savoir « faire la cuisine », chez des personnes souffrant de schizophrénie, dont le fonctionnement dans la vie quotidienne est perturbé.In this exploratory study, the authors examine the various occupational and neuropsychological assessments used to analyze deficits qualitatively and quantitatively in patients with schizophrenia. Considering that it is necessary to further explore their repercussion on the performance of activity of daily living (ADL) and domestic activities (DA), they thus attempt to verify if the distinction between two levels of functional autonomy could translate at the cognitive and clinical levels in (25) 23 patients included in a program destined to young adults (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) in Montréal. These patients had the opportunity, within the clinical program, to submit to neuropsychological evaluations as well as evaluations offered by the occupational therapy service thanks to a tool frequently used by occupational therapists entitled Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). The objective of this article is to conjugate two possible perspectives, drawn from two different disciplines, on a very current human activity such as « preparing meals » in people suffering from schizophrenia and which functioning of daily life is disturbed.En este estudio exploratorio, los autores examinan las diferentes evaluaciones ergoterapéuticas y neuropsicológicas utilizadas para analizar cualitativa y cuantitativamente los déficits encontrados por los pacientes esquizofrénicos. Los autores estiman que es necesario explorar más las repercusiones en la realización de las actividades de la vida cotidiana (AVQ) y doméstica (AVD). De este modo, han querido verificar si la distinción entre dos niveles de autonomía funcional puede traducirse en diferencias en el plano cognitivo y clínico en (25) 23 pacientes incluidos en un programa para jóvenes adultos (criterios de esquizofrenia espectro DSM-IV) en Montreal. En el seno del programa clínico, estos pacientes tenían la oportunidad de someterse a evaluaciones de orden neuropsicológico (Godbout et al., 2006; Semkovska et al., 2004) así como a las evaluaciones ofrecidas por el servicio de ergoterapia, gracias a una herramienta utilizada muy frecuentemente por los ergoterapeutas, intitulada Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher, 1999; Pan et Fisher, 1994). El objetivo de este artículo es conjugar dos visiones posibles, provenientes de dos disciplinas diferentes, en una actividad común y corriente para los seres humanos, como “cocinar”, en las personas que sufren de esquizofrenia y cuyo funcionamiento en la vida cotidiana está perturbado.Neste estudo exploratório, os autores examinam as diferentes avaliações ergoterápicas e neuropsicológicas utilizadas para analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente os déficits encontrados nos pacientes esquizofrênicos. Os autores acreditam que é necessário explorar mais suas repercussões na realização de atividades da vida cotidiana (AVQ) e doméstica (AVD), e, assim, quiseram verificar se a distinção entre dois níveis de autonomia funcional poderia se traduzir em diferenças no plano cognitivo e clínico em (25) 23 pacientes inscritos em um programa para jovens adultos (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) em Montreal. Estes pacientes tiveram a oportunidade, dentro do programa clínico, de se submeter a avaliações de ordem neuropsicológica (Godbout et al., 2006; Semkovska et al., 2004), assim como a avaliações oferecidas pelo serviço de ergoterapia, graças a uma ferramenta freqüentemente utilizada pelos ergoterapeutas chamada de Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher, 1999; Pan et Fisher, 1994). O objetivo deste artigo é conjugar duas visões possíveis, vindas de duas disciplinas diferentes, em pessoas que sofrem de esquizofrenia, cujo funcionamento na vida cotidiana é perturbado, sobre uma atividade muito comum para os seres humanos, ou seja, “cozinhar”

Le musée, un lieu éducatif

This anthology contains essays on various aspects of museum education, by 35 members of the Special Interest Group on Education and Museums (SIGEM). Originally presented at a conference held in Montreal in 1995, the essays in this book address a wide range of issues related to the educational function of museums. Topics discussed include: educational, scientific and museological research; the value of guided tours and visual arts workshops; the question of evaluation; and relationships between museums and schools. 21 diagrams and 19 charts. 4 texts in English 31 texts in French. Circa 480 bibl. ref

Le processus de production des handicaps

En 1991 la revue du Réseau International de la CIDIH a publié le Volume 4, numéros 1-2 intitulé « Le Processus de production des handicaps ». Il nous fait plaisir de republier ce volume complet dans cet article qui regroupe donc : La présentation du plan de communication de la SCCIDIH (Société canadienne et Comité québécois sur la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps) et du CQCIDIH (Comité Québécois sur la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps) ; L’analyse des commentaires reçus sur la révision du troisième niveau: le handicap ; La proposition d’une nomenclature des habitudes de vie révisée ; La proposition d’une nomenclature des facteurs environnementaux révisée ; L’impact du modèle proposé sur les incapacités

Rat pulmonary responses to inhaled nano-TiO₂: effect of primary particle size and agglomeration state.

International audienceThe exact role of primary nanoparticle (NP) size and their degree of agglomeration in aerosols on the determination of pulmonary effects is still poorly understood. Smaller NP are thought to have greater biological reactivity, but their level of agglomeration in an aerosol may also have an impact on pulmonary response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of primary NP size and the agglomeration state in aerosols, using well-characterized TiO₂ NP, on their relative pulmonary toxicity, through inflammatory, cytotoxic and oxidative stress effects in Fisher 344 male rats. Three different sizes of TiO₂ NP, i.e., 5, 10-30 or 50 nm, were inhaled as small (SA) ( 100 nm) at 20 mg/m³ for 6 hours. Compared to the controls, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) showed that LA aerosols induced an acute inflammatory response, characterized by a significant increase in the number of neutrophils, while SA aerosols produced significant oxidative stress damages and cytotoxicity. Data also demonstrate that for an agglomeration state smaller than 100 nm, the 5 nm particles caused a significant increase in cytotoxic effects compared to controls (assessed by an increase in LDH activity), while oxidative damage measured by 8-isoprostane concentration was less when compared to 10-30 and 50 nm particles. In both SA and LA aerosols, the 10-30 nm TiO₂ NP size induced the most pronounced pro-inflammatory effects compared to controls. Overall, this study showed that initial NP size and agglomeration state are key determinants of nano-TiO₂ lung inflammatory reaction, cytotoxic and oxidative stress induced effects

Normal expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes with increased expression and synthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.

International audienceObjective. Our previous research demonstrated that, in contrast to normal chondrocytes, human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes were hyporesponsive to stimulation by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The aim of the present investigation was to examine whether this finding was due to an alteration in the level of IGF receptors (IGFRs) and/or IGF binding proteins (IGFBP).Methods. A quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) was used to measure the type 1 IGFR messenger RNA (mRNA) level, and Northern blotting was used to measure type 2 IGFR and IGFBP mRNA levels. Western immunoblotting was used to identify and measure IGFBP levels.Results. There were similar levels of type 1 IGFR mRNA in normal and OA chondrocytes. The level of type 2 IGFR mRNA, in which an increased amount of which can interfere with the biologic effects of IGF-1, was lower in OA chondrocytes compared with normal chondrocytes. Articular chondrocytes produced IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4, and OA chondrocytes secreted and expressed higher amounts than did normal chondrocytes. There was also an increased level of IGFBP-3 in the OA chondrocyte lysates. IGFBPs 1, 5, and 6 were not detectable.Conclusion. OA chondrocytes synthesize and express a larger amount of 3 IGFBPs. This observation, along with a lack of detectable change in type 1 IGFR mRNA level, suggests that the hyporesponsiveness of OA chondrocytes to IGF-1 might implicate the involvement of IGFBPs in this pathologic process

The Quebec classification : disability creation process /

Index

Classification québécoise : processus de production du handicap /

Index