Further Characteristics of an Anomalous Temperature Response of Hypocotyls in Some Soybean Cultivars

Some soybean cultivars exhibit a bimodal temperature response. Their hypocotyls elongate normally at 20 and 30 C but are inhibited at 25 C. The inhibition is inducible. It manifests itself, or continues to be manifest, after seedlings are transferred to 20 or 30 C. Sensitivity to 25 C is limited to early seedling development and disappears about 6 days after seeds are supplied with water

Bud Formation and Shoot Development In Vitro: Observations on Stem and Bud Explants of Psychotria punctata (Rubiaceae)

Protuberances tentatively identified as buds were initiated on callus proliferating from the bases of excised terminal buds of Psychotria punctata (Rubiaceae) cultured on media containing 10(-4) and 10(-5)M zeatin. Only those cultures maintained in a greenhouse during mid-summer formed such buds. A high cytokinin concentration together with one or more specific environmental conditions appear to be required for their formation. In contrast, large nodule-bearing shoots developed directly from terminal buds when these were excised during the fall and cultured on the same medium in controlled environment chambers providing temperatures and light intensities lower than in the greenhouse. Zeatin was required for shoot development on this medium; little development occurred in its absence. Shoot development occurred in both 8- and 16-hr days in the chambers; it did not occur in darkness, in continuous, predominantly incandescent light, or in the greenhouse

Temperature-dependent Inhibition of Hypocotyl Elongation in Some Soybean Cultivars: I. Localization of Ethylene Evolution and Role of Cotyledons 1 Downloaded from

Apical 2-cm hypocotyl segments from seedlings of a "short-hypocotyl" cultivar Amsoy 71, like whole seedlings, evolve about twice as much ethylene at 25°C as at 30°C. Segments consisting of two cotyledons and an attached epicotyl evolve ethylene at low rates at both 25°C and 30°C. Hypocotyl segments from seedlings of Cutler 71 also show enhanced ethylene evolution at 25°C. Hypocotyl segments from Corsoy, a "longhypocotyl" cultivar, however, evolve ethylene at low rates at both 25°C and 30°C. Wounding of Amsoy 71 hypocotyl segments does not increase their ethylene evolution. Ethylene evolution at 25°C is reduced and the short-hypocotyl phenomenon is reversed by partial (50%) removal of Amsoy 71 cotyledons at planting time. Key words: Cotyledons -Ethylene -Hypocotyl elongation -Temperature sensitivity. Certain soybean cultivars exhibit poor emergence when planted at a depth of 10 cm and grown at 25°C. The poor emergence is a consequence of reduced hypocotyl elongation (Burris and Fehr 1971 Abbreviations: H, apical 2-cm hypocotyl segment; HW, wounded hypocotyl segment; C + E, cotyledons+ epicotyl; C + E+H, cotyledons+epicotyl + hypocotyl segment left attached to each other; pt, plant part; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; SD, standard deviation

Cost effectiveness of support for people starting a new medication for a long term condition through community pharmacies: an economic evaluation of the New Medicine Service (NMS) compared with normal practice

Background: The English community pharmacy New Medicine Service (NMS) significantly increases patient adherence to medicines, compared with normal practice. We examined the cost-effectiveness of NMS compared with normal practice by combining adherence improvement and intervention costs with the effect of increased adherence on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Methods: We developed Markov models for diseases targeted by the NMS (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and antiplatelet regimens) to assess the impact of patients’ non-adherence. Clinical event probability, treatment pathway, resource-use and costs were extracted from literature and costing tariffs. Incremental costs and outcomes associated with each disease were incorporated additively into a composite probabilistic model and combined with adherence rates and intervention costs from the trial. Costs per extra quality-adjusted-life-year(QALY) were calculated from the perspective of NHS England, using a lifetime horizon. Results: NMS generated a mean of 0.05 (95%CI: 0.00, 0.13) more QALYs per patient, at a mean reduced cost of -£144 (95%CI: -769, 73). The NMS dominates normal practice with probability of 0.78 (ICER: - £3166 per QALY). NMS has a 96.7% probability of cost-effectiveness compared with normal practice at a willingness-to-pay of £20000 per QALY. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that targeting each disease with NMS has a probability over 0.90 of cost-effectiveness compared with normal practice at a willingness-to-pay of £20000 per QALY. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the New Medicine Service increased patient medicine adherence compared with normal practice, which translated into increased health gain at reduced overall cost

Regulation in plants by hormones : a study in experimental design

A laboratory blockx, 116 p.; 28 cm