What can we learn from relaxation measurements of a laser-perturbed atmosphere? A modeling study

The chemical kinetic aspects of a transient increase in OH and HO2 by several orders of magnitude are explored in three model tropospheres. This chemical kinetic modeling effort was undertaken to support the operation of a pump-and-probe LIDAR instrument. A powerful excimer laser pulse perturbs the troposphere after which its relaxation back to steady state is examined by remote sensing, for example by DIAL or LIF. Instead of probing ambient levels of key free radicals, a study of the relaxation kinetics in real time enables chemical mechanistic studies in situ

Sbagliano la World cup, figuriamoci l’economia

Che gli economisti si siano dedicati alle previsioni sul vincitore della Coppa del mondo può sembrare un giuoco, e forse lo spirito con cui lo hanno fatto era in parte anche questo. Ma da questo gioco si possono trarre considerazioni non banali, che vanno un po’ oltre il mondo del calcio

Del metallo e del legno nelle costruzioni. Apparati di scaldamento, fognatura. - Ingegneria, lavori pubblici.

- Impiego del metallo e del legno #9- Ingegneria, lavori pubblici e servizi privati #24

Hyperammonemia associated with distal renal tubular acidosis or urinary tract infection : a systematic review

Background: Hyperammonemia usually results from an inborn error of metabolism or from an advanced liver disease. Individual case reports suggest that both distal renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infection may also result in hyperammonemia. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on hyperammonemia secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infection was conducted. Results: We identified 39 reports on distal renal tubular acidosis or urinary tract infections in association with hyperammonemia published between 1980 and 2017. Hyperammonemia was detected in 13 children with distal renal tubular acidosis and in one adult patient with distal renal tubular acidosis secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. In these patients a negative relationship was observed between circulating ammonia and bicarbonate levels (P < 0.05). In 31 patients (19 children, 12 adults), an acute urinary tract infection was complicated by acute hyperammonemia and symptoms and signs of acute neuronal dysfunction, such as an altered level of consciousness, convulsions and asterixis, often associated with signs of brain edema, such as anorexia and vomiting. Urea-splitting bacteria were isolated in 28 of the 31 cases. The urinary tract was anatomically or functionally abnormal in 30 of these patients. Conclusions: This study reveals that both altered distal renal tubular acidification and urinary tract infection may be associated with relevant hyperammonemia in both children and adults

Pump-and-probe lidar for in-situ probing of atmospheric chemistry

A computer simulation of some chem. scenarios are presented to obtain preliminary information on what can be learned from pump-and-probe lidar expts., i.e., in situ laser flash photolysis in the troposphere. The decay of the OH concn. following the flash photolysis by different spatially resolved techniques is done under different conditions where the significant chem. and meteorol. parameters were sep. measured, so that model calcs. can be compared with time-dependent OH concns. The scenarios, within the limits of the simplified chem. model, are only realistic for a static atm. without turbulence or diffusion, i.e., at short delays after the laser flash perturbation. Relaxation/recovery of the atm. species occurs on different time scales according to the strength of the perturbation or the species involved. Several transient species were detected during system recovery back to steady state

Lipsch&#252;tz&#8217;s acute vulvar ulcer : a systematic review

In previously healthy subjects, vulvar ulcers are mostly caused by sexually transmitted microorganisms. Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s acute vulvar ulceration, first reported in 1912, is a non-sexually acquired condition characterized by sudden onset of a few genital ulcers. We systematically review presentation, underlying causes, and disease duration of Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s ulceration. A comprehensive source of Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science databases was performed. Reports including cases of apparently previously healthy females affected by Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s ulceration were selected. A&nbsp;predefined database was used to extract data on demographics, history, clinical and microbiological findings, and treatment. The search disclosed 158 cases. Almost 90% of cases were 64 20&nbsp;years of age and sexually inactive. Lesions were usually one to about three, painful, 65 10&nbsp;mm large, well-delimited, with a fibrinous and necrotic center and a symmetric distribution. Voiding disorders and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes were observed in a large subset of cases. Canker sores were noted in 10% of patients. Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s vulvar ulceration occurred concomitantly with an infectious disease in 139 cases. Infectious mononucleosis syndrome (N = 40) was the most frequently detected well-defined infection, followed by mycoplasma species infections (N = 11). The disease resolved after 64 3&nbsp;weeks. Conclusions: Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s ulceration mainly affects both sexually inactive and, less frequently, sexually active subjects 64 20&nbsp;years of age, presents with 64 3 vulvar ulcers, resolves without recurrences within 3&nbsp;weeks and is temporarily associated with an infection, most frequently a flu-like illness or an infectious mononucleosis syndrome.What is Known: \u2022 Lipsch\ufctz\u2019s acute vulvar ulceration is a non-sexually acquired condition, which is characterized by a sudden onset of a few necrotic and painful genital ulcers. \u2022 The condition tends to resolve spontaneously and is usually triggered by an infection.What is New: \u2022 The condition mainly affects subjects 64 20&nbsp;years of age, tends to resolve within 3&nbsp;weeks, and is usually temporarily associated with a flu-like illness or an infectious mononucleosis syndrome. \u2022 Systemic corticosteroids do not reduce disease duration

Lipschütz's acute vulvar ulcer: a systematic review.

In previously healthy subjects, vulvar ulcers are mostly caused by sexually transmitted microorganisms. Lipschütz's acute vulvar ulceration, first reported in 1912, is a non-sexually acquired condition characterized by sudden onset of a few genital ulcers. We systematically review presentation, underlying causes, and disease duration of Lipschütz's ulceration. A comprehensive source of Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science databases was performed. Reports including cases of apparently previously healthy females affected by Lipschütz's ulceration were selected. A predefined database was used to extract data on demographics, history, clinical and microbiological findings, and treatment.The search disclosed 158 cases. Almost 90% of cases were ≤ 20 years of age and sexually inactive. Lesions were usually one to about three, painful, ≥ 10 mm large, well-delimited, with a fibrinous and necrotic center and a symmetric distribution. Voiding disorders and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes were observed in a large subset of cases. Canker sores were noted in 10% of patients. Lipschütz's vulvar ulceration occurred concomitantly with an infectious disease in 139 cases. Infectious mononucleosis syndrome (N = 40) was the most frequently detected well-defined infection, followed by mycoplasma species infections (N = 11). The disease resolved after ≤ 3 weeks.Conclusions: Lipschütz's ulceration mainly affects both sexually inactive and, less frequently, sexually active subjects ≤ 20 years of age, presents with ≤ 3 vulvar ulcers, resolves without recurrences within 3 weeks and is temporarily associated with an infection, most frequently a flu-like illness or an infectious mononucleosis syndrome. What is Known: • Lipschütz's acute vulvar ulceration is a non-sexually acquired condition, which is characterized by a sudden onset of a few necrotic and painful genital ulcers. • The condition tends to resolve spontaneously and is usually triggered by an infection. What is New: • The condition mainly affects subjects ≤ 20 years of age, tends to resolve within 3 weeks, and is usually temporarily associated with a flu-like illness or an infectious mononucleosis syndrome. • Systemic corticosteroids do not reduce disease duration

Amlodipine once-daily in systemic hypertension

The calcium channel blocker nifedipine is widely used in children with systemic hypertension: however, because of the short duration of action, three to four daily doses of the standard preparation are required. Amlodipine once-daily, a calcium channel blocker structurally related to nifedipine with an excellent bioavailability and a long elimination half-time, has been shown to reduce blood pressure in adults. No information is available on the use of amlodipine in childhood. The effects of amlodipine once-daily (5 to 10 mg) were therefore assessed in 28 paediatric patients with hypertension. Amlodipine was withdrawn in five patients who experienced oedema and flushing. In the remaining 23 patients blood pressure was significantly reduced 3 weeks after amlodipine (on average by 7/5 mm Hg) and further decreased at 12 weeks (by 21/12 mm Hg). Heart rate and body weight were unchanged. In eight patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporine, the blood level of this agent was stable throughout the study, thus not requiring any dose adjustment. CONCLUSION: The study illustrates the antihypertensive properties of amlodipine once-daily in paediatric hypertension. Amlodipine appears particularly indicated in patients concomitantly treated with cyclosporine

Systematic review finds that fever phobia is a worldwide issue among caregivers and healthcare providers.

Fever phobia describes exaggerated concerns about the consequences of childhood fever and broader awareness is needed in everyday clinical practice. We investigated the factors associated with fever phobia in caregivers and healthcare providers and the geographical distribution of the issue. The National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica and Google Scholar databases were searched. We retrieved 76 papers, published in English from 1985 to 2018, which covered wide areas of Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Australia. The occurrence of fever phobia was confirmed in 65 papers covering 26 521 caregivers. A number of factors were significantly associated with fever phobia, including low educational or socioeconomic levels, a history of febrile seizures in the child and young maternal age. Fever phobia was also more common in Bedouins and in people from Latin America, Southern Italy and Turkey. There were also 15 papers that addressed fever phobia among 4566 healthcare providers. All the reports suggested that a fear of fever and a tendency to over treat was common among physicians and nurses. Fever phobia was a common world phenomena that affected caregivers and healthcare providers