Density and Germination Characteristics of Seeds of \u3cem\u3eBromus tectorum\u3c/em\u3e in Field Seedbanks

Bromus tectorum is a highly invasive exotic weed that has spread over millions of hectares of grazing land in the semi-arid regions of far western North America. The annual grass is an important grazing resource, but herbage production is highly variable among years, depending on the amount and periodicity of precipitation. When production is abundant, the accumulations of fine-textured, early-maturing herbage increase the chance of ignition and the rate of spread of wildfires. On certain years the area burned in such fires may be several million hectares. Such fires destroy forage resources and degrade watershed quality on extensive areas as well as threaten human property and lives. Bromus tectorum plants can produce a very large number of caryopses. Caryopses that fail to find a safe site for germination acquire a dormancy in the field that leads to the building of large seedbanks (Young et al., 1968). It is critical for managers to have estimates of the size and extent of Bromus tectorum seedbanks during the planning and implementation of pasture restoration treatments. Our objective was to obtain an estimate of Bromus tectorum seedbank size and germinability through bioassay of samples obtained from a variety of plant communities and to relate this information to site characteristics easily ascertained by pasture managers

Perennial Grass Emergence and Establishment Using a Micro-Nutrient Seed Treatment

Resource managers have become increasingly frustrated with restoration seeding failures in semi-arid and arid environments. In response to this frustration, some resource managers have attempted restoration seedings using non-conventional methodologies such as propriety seed treatments. The exact nature of these propriety treatments is often confidential, but they generally consist of either nutrient or micro-nutrient enrichment or inoculation with unspecified micro-organisms. One of the more popular propriety seed treatment used in Nevada, USA, is GERM-N-8®. This product is a suspension of nutrients (N 2%, P 14%, and K 3%) applied to dry seed. Resource managers often report excellent success using these propriety treatments, but lack of experimental design make it impossible to assign cause and effect

Impact of oral cyclophosphamide on health-related quality of life in patients with active scleroderma lung disease: Results from the scleroderma lung study

Objective To assess the impact of cyclophosphamide (CYC) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with scleroderma after 12 months of treatment. Methods One hundred fifty-eight subjects participated in the Scleroderma Lung Study, with 79 each randomized to CYC and placebo arms. The study evaluated the results of 3 measures of health status: the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI), and Mahler's dyspnea index, and the results of 1 preference-based measure, the SF-6D. The differences in the HRQOL between the 2 groups at 12 months were calculated using a linear mixed model. Responsiveness was evaluated using the effect size. The proportion of subjects in each treatment group whose scores improved at least as much as or more than the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in HRQOL measures was assessed. Results After adjustment for baseline scores, differences in the HAQ DI, SF-36 role physical, general health, vitality, role emotional, mental health scales, and SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) score were statistically significant for CYC versus placebo ( P < 0.05). Effect sizes were negligible (<0.20) for all of the scales of the SF-36, HAQ DI, and SF-6D at 12 months. In contrast, a higher proportion of patients who received CYC achieved the MCID compared with placebo in the HAQ DI score (30.9% versus 14.8%), transitional dyspnea index score (46.4% versus 12.7%), SF-36 MCS score (33.3% versus 18.5%), and SF-6D score (21.3% versus 3.8%). Conclusion One year of treatment with CYC leads to an improvement in HRQOL in patients with scleroderma lung disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56039/1/22580_ftp.pd

Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future

The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has been a leader in weed science research covering topics ranging from the development and use of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics to basic mechanistic studies, including biotic resistance of desirable plant communities and herbicide resistance. ARS weed scientists have worked in agricultural and natural ecosystems, including agronomic and horticultural crops, pastures, forests, wild lands, aquatic habitats, wetlands, and riparian areas. Through strong partnerships with academia, state agencies, private industry, and numerous federal programs, ARS weed scientists have made contributions to discoveries in the newest fields of robotics and genetics, as well as the traditional and fundamental subjects of weed-crop competition and physiology and integration of weed control tactics and practices. Weed science at ARS is often overshadowed by other research topics; thus, few are aware of the long history of ARS weed science and its important contributions. This review is the result of a symposium held at the Weed Science Society of America\u27s 62nd Annual Meeting in 2022 that included 10 separate presentations in a virtual Weed Science Webinar Series. The overarching themes of management tactics (IWM, biological control, and automation), basic mechanisms (competition, invasive plant genetics, and herbicide resistance), and ecosystem impacts (invasive plant spread, climate change, conservation, and restoration) represent core ARS weed science research that is dynamic and efficacious and has been a significant component of the agency\u27s national and international efforts. This review highlights current studies and future directions that exemplify the science and collaborative relationships both within and outside ARS. Given the constraints of weeds and invasive plants on all aspects of food, feed, and fiber systems, there is an acknowledged need to face new challenges, including agriculture and natural resources sustainability, economic resilience and reliability, and societal health and well-being

Author Correction: Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

1 Pág. Correción errata.In the version of this Article originally published, the surname of author Tina Parkhurst was incorrectly written as Schroeder. This has now been corrected.Peer reviewe

Nevada Rangelands

The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Nidhomul Haq

The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Do Micro-Nutrient Seed Treatments Assist in Range Restoration Efforts?

Resource managers are frustrated at the lack of seedling success using conventional methodologies and thus have turned to other approaches such as using seed treatments.The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202