Efecto de la contracción en la cinética de secado de músculos de jamón

El objetivo de la tesos fue determinar la influencia de la contracción y de la resistencia extema a la transferencia de materia en las cinéticas de deshidratación de músculos del jamón. Para ello, se eligieron dos músculos representativos de la pierna del cerdo: el Bíceps femoris (BF) y el Semimembranosus (SM). En primer lugar se procedió al estudio del equilibrio aire-agua-alimento, para lo cual se determinaron las isotermas de sorción de ambos músculos a 25, 30, 35 y 40°C. A partir de ellas fue calculado el calor isostérico de sorción. Las isotermas fueron modelizadas mediante cinco modelos: GAB, BET, Halsey modificado, Henderson y Oswin. El modelo de GAB fue el que proporcionó los mejores resultados, tanto al considerar como al no considerar el efecto de la temperatura. Se determinaron cinéticas de deshidratación para distintas condiciones de secado y geometrías. Se eligió temperatura 25°C y velocidades 0.6, 2 y 2.8 m/s para geometría cilindrica infinita (BF) e infinita (BF y SM). También se deshidrataron cilindros de BF y SM salados en cámaras con el aire prácticamente en reposo y temperaturas 5, 10, 15 y 20°C. Las cinéticas se modelizaron mediante varios modelos difusivos en los que se consideró o no tanto la contracción como la resistencia extema a la transferencia de materia. Durante la deshidratación se determinaron las funciones de contracción. Se obtuvo una relación lineal entre la variación de volumen y el contenido en humedad. A partir de la primera tanda de experiencias se determinó la difúsividad efectiva a 25°C. A partir de las experiencias realizadas en cámara modelizadas sin considerar la resistencia extema, se calculó la energía de activación. Con este valor y la difúsividad a 25°C se calcularon las difúsividades para 5, 10, 15 y 20°C. A partir de ellas se modelizaron las cinéticas obtenidas en cámaras considerando la resistencia externa, calculándose el valor del coeficiente de transferencia de materia k. En todos los casos, no existió una .......Clemente Polo, G. (2004). Efecto de la contracción en la cinética de secado de músculos de jamón [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2623Palanci

Modeling of sodium nitrite and water transport in pork meat

[EN] Four models were used to simulate nitrite uptake and water loss during pork meat curing with sodium nitrite: three empirical ones (the Azuara, the Peleg and the Zugarramurdi and Lupin) and one theoretical (the diffusional). By means of the Azuara and the Peleg models, the equilibrium moisture content and the equilibrium nitrite content were properly identified. Zugarramurdi and Lupin's model did not provide information about process parameters. The effective diffusivities of water (Dwe) and nitrite (DNe) were calculated. The activation energy (ENa and Ewa) was evaluated from the parameters of both the Peleg and the diffusional models. The results were similar; the Peleg model having the advantage of simplicity of calculation. The effect of meat anisotropy was confirmed from the diffusional model; the perpendicular transport of nitrite is easier than the parallel. This study highlighted the importance of choosing the most appropriate model depending on the objective to be achieved.The authors of this paper acknowledge the financial support from CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 (CSD2007-00016), Spain.Gómez, J.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Arnau, J.; Bon Corbín, J.; Clemente Polo, G. (2019). Modeling of sodium nitrite and water transport in pork meat. Journal of Food Engineering. 249:48-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.01.008S485424

Assessing the environmental impact of Spanish vineyards in Utiel-Requena PDO: The influence of farm management and on-field emission modelling

[EN] Environmental studies into wine from different protected designations of origin (PDO) highlight farming and packaging stages as those contributing the most to the total environmental impacts of this product. However, farming impact, not only depends on the agricultural practices but also on data quality and modelling complexity. By using the life cycle assessment methodology, a twofold goal is aimed. Firstly, to analyse the environmental profile of the most widespread viticultural practices in the Utiel-Requena PDO (Spain). The second aim is to evaluate the differences between the environmental impacts estimated by means of modelling approaches using generic information (Baseline modelling) versus those using site-specific information (Alternative modelling). As regards the agricultural practices and grape cultivars, eight systems were defined and assessed per kg of grape at the farm gate. The differences between farming systems and modelling approaches were statistically assessed. The results show that, regardless of the grape cultivar, organic systems are more environmentally friendly than the conventional ones (on average, the greatest differences occur in the ionizing radiation, marine eutrophication and land use, being the values for organic vineyards 1678%, 648% and 171% lower than those of the conventional ones, respectively), the results for the Bobal cultivar being better than those for the Tempranillo because of the higher yield (differences in yield around 1.500 kg ha¿1). The use of site-specific modelling approaches guarantees the precision of the analysis; however, for some impact categories, namely climate change, fine particulate matter formation, marine eutrophication and terrestrial acidification, the possibility of using general methodologies is open; in this way, the modelling efforts can be minimised, and the results would be consistent with those of more specific methodologies. The results also underline the need for a consensus within LCA practitioners on which methodologies to use in order to estimate on-field emissions taking into account both complexity reduction and accuracy improvement.The authors gratefully acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for the financial support under the project CTM 2013-47,340-R and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for providing the funds for N.K. Sinisterra-Solis's research contract through Subprogram 1 (PAID-01-18).Sinisterra-Solis, NK.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Estruch-Guitart, V.; Clemente Polo, G. (2020). Assessing the environmental impact of Spanish vineyards in Utiel-Requena PDO: The influence of farm management and on-field emission modelling. Journal of Environmental Management. 262:1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110325S112262Bacenetti, J., Fusi, A., Negri, M., Bocchi, S., & Fiala, M. (2016). Organic production systems: Sustainability assessment of rice in Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 225, 33-44. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.046Bacenetti, J., Fusi, A., Negri, M., & Fiala, M. (2015). Impact of cropping system and soil tillage on environmental performance of cereal silage productions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 49-59. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.052Balsari, P., Marucco, P., & Tamagnone, M. (2007). A test bench for the classification of boom sprayers according to drift risk. Crop Protection, 26(10), 1482-1489. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.012Bartocci, P., Fantozzi, P., & Fantozzi, F. (2017). Environmental impact of Sagrantino and Grechetto grapes cultivation for wine and vinegar production in central Italy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 569-580. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.090Boulay, A.-M., Bare, J., Benini, L., Berger, M., Lathuillière, M. J., Manzardo, A., … Pfister, S. (2017). The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(2), 368-378. doi:10.1007/s11367-017-1333-8Brentrup, F., Küsters, J., Lammel, J., & Kuhlmann, H. (2000). Methods to estimate on-field nitrogen emissions from crop production as an input to LCA studies in the agricultural sector. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 5(6). doi:10.1007/bf02978670Brisson, N., Mary, B., Ripoche, D., Jeuffroy, M. H., Ruget, F., Nicoullaud, B., … Delécolle, R. (1998). STICS: a generic model for the simulation of crops and their water and nitrogen balances. I. Theory and parameterization applied to wheat and corn. Agronomie, 18(5-6), 311-346. doi:10.1051/agro:19980501Cayuela, M. L., Aguilera, E., Sanz-Cobena, A., Adams, D. C., Abalos, D., Barton, L., … Lassaletta, L. (2017). Direct nitrous oxide emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems: Emission factors based on a meta-analysis of available measurement data. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 238, 25-35. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.10.006Felsot, A. S., Unsworth, J. B., Linders, J. B. H. J., Roberts, G., Rautman, D., Harris, C., & Carazo, E. (2010). Agrochemical spray drift; assessment and mitigation—A review*. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 46(1), 1-23. doi:10.1080/03601234.2010.515161Fenollosa, M. L., Ribal, J., Lidón, A., Bautista, I., Juraske, R., Clemente, G., & Sanjuan, N. (2014). Influence of Management Practices on Economic and Environmental Performance of Crops. A Case Study in Spanish Horticulture. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38(6), 635-659. doi:10.1080/21683565.2014.896302Flor, F. J., Leiva, F. J., García, J. L., Martínez, E., Jiménez, E., & Blanco, J. (2018). Environmental Impact of Wine Aging Process in Oak Barrels in Wineries of La Rioja (Spain). American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 69(3), 302-306. doi:10.5344/ajev.2018.17076Fusi, A., Guidetti, R., & Benedetto, G. (2014). Delving into the environmental aspect of a Sardinian white wine: From partial to total life cycle assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 472, 989-1000. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.148Gazulla, C., Raugei, M., & Fullana-i-Palmer, P. (2010). Taking a life cycle look at crianza wine production in Spain: where are the bottlenecks? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(4), 330-337. doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0173-6Gil, Y., & Sinfort, C. (2005). Emission of pesticides to the air during sprayer application: A bibliographic review. Atmospheric Environment, 39(28), 5183-5193. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.019Goglio, P., Smith, W. N., Grant, B. B., Desjardins, R. L., Gao, X., Hanis, K., … Williams, A. G. (2018). A comparison of methods to quantify greenhouse gas emissions of cropping systems in LCA. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4010-4017. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.133González-García, S., Silva, F. J., Moreira, M. T., Pascual, R. C., Lozano, R. G., Gabarrell, X., … Feijoo, G. (2011). Combined application of LCA and eco-design for the sustainable production of wood boxes for wine bottles storage. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 16(3), 224-237. doi:10.1007/s11367-011-0261-2Hauschild, M. Z., Huijbregts, M., Jolliet, O., Macleod, M., Margni, M., van de Meent, D., … McKone, T. E. (2008). Building a Model Based on Scientific Consensus for Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals: The Search for Harmony and Parsimony. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(19), 7032-7037. doi:10.1021/es703145tHuijbregts, M. A. J., Steinmann, Z. J. N., Elshout, P. M. F., Stam, G., Verones, F., Vieira, M., … van Zelm, R. (2016). ReCiPe2016: a harmonised life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22(2), 138-147. doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1246-yJuraske, R., & Sanjuán, N. (2011). Life cycle toxicity assessment of pesticides used in integrated and organic production of oranges in the Comunidad Valenciana, Spain. Chemosphere, 82(7), 956-962. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.081Keesstra, S., Nunes, J., Novara, A., Finger, D., Avelar, D., Kalantari, Z., & Cerdà, A. (2018). The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services. Science of The Total Environment, 610-611, 997-1009. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.077Margni, M., Rossier, D., Crettaz, P., & Jolliet, O. (2002). Life cycle impact assessment of pesticides on human health and ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 93(1-3), 379-392. doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(01)00336-xMartins, A. A., Araújo, A. R., Graça, A., Caetano, N. S., & Mata, T. M. (2018). Towards sustainable wine: Comparison of two Portuguese wines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 662-676. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.057Meier, M. S., Stoessel, F., Jungbluth, N., Juraske, R., Schader, C., & Stolze, M. (2015). Environmental impacts of organic and conventional agricultural products – Are the differences captured by life cycle assessment? Journal of Environmental Management, 149, 193-208. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.006Mohseni, P., Borghei, A. M., & Khanali, M. (2018). Coupled life cycle assessment and data envelopment analysis for mitigation of environmental impacts and enhancement of energy efficiency in grape production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 937-947. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.243Neto, B., Dias, A. C., & Machado, M. (2012). Life cycle assessment of the supply chain of a Portuguese wine: from viticulture to distribution. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18(3), 590-602. doi:10.1007/s11367-012-0518-4Peña, N., Knudsen, M. T., Fantke, P., Antón, A., & Hermansen, J. E. (2019). Freshwater ecotoxicity assessment of pesticide use in crop production: Testing the influence of modeling choices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 209, 1332-1341. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.257Pereyra, M. A., Fernández, D. S., Marcial, E. R., & Puchulu, M. E. (2020). Agricultural land degradation by piping erosion in Chaco Plain, Northwestern Argentina. CATENA, 185, 104295. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.104295Perrin, A., Basset-Mens, C., & Gabrielle, B. (2014). Life cycle assessment of vegetable products: a review focusing on cropping systems diversity and the estimation of field emissions. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(6), 1247-1263. doi:10.1007/s11367-014-0724-3Perrin, A., Basset-Mens, C., Huat, J., & Gabrielle, B. (2017). The variability of field emissions is critical to assessing the environmental impacts of vegetables: A Benin case-study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 153, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.159Peter, C., Fiore, A., Hagemann, U., Nendel, C., & Xiloyannis, C. (2016). Improving the accounting of field emissions in the carbon footprint of agricultural products: a comparison of default IPCC methods with readily available medium-effort modeling approaches. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21(6), 791-805. doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1056-2Ponstein, H. J., Meyer-Aurich, A., & Prochnow, A. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options for German wine production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 212, 800-809. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.206Prosdocimi, M., Cerdà, A., & Tarolli, P. (2016). Soil water erosion on Mediterranean vineyards: A review. CATENA, 141, 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.010Renouf, M. A., Renaud-Gentié, C., Perrin, A., van der Werf, H. M. G., Kanyarushoki, C., & Jourjon, F. (2018). Effectiveness criteria for customised agricultural life cycle assessment tools. Journal of Cleaner Production, 179, 246-254. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.170Ribal, J., Ramírez-Sanz, C., Estruch, V., Clemente, G., & Sanjuán, N. (2016). Organic versus conventional citrus. Impact assessment and variability analysis in the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22(4), 571-586. doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1048-2Rives, J., Fernandez-Rodriguez, I., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2011). Environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers in southern Europe (Catalonia – Spain). Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(2-3), 259-271. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.10.001Rodrigo-Comino, J., Brevik, E. C., & Cerdà, A. (2018). The age of vines as a controlling factor of soil erosion processes in Mediterranean vineyards. Science of The Total Environment, 616-617, 1163-1173. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.204Rosenbaum, R. K., Bachmann, T. M., Gold, L. S., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Jolliet, O., Juraske, R., … Hauschild, M. Z. (2008). USEtox—the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 13(7), 532-546. doi:10.1007/s11367-008-0038-4Schmidt Rivera, X. C., Bacenetti, J., Fusi, A., & Niero, M. (2017). 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Diffusion of nitrate and water in pork meat: Effect of the direction of the meat fiber

[EN] The effect of the direction of the meat fiber on the diffusion of sodium nitrate and water in Semimembranosus pork muscle during curing was studied at different temperatures. Nitrate and water diffusion were modelled based on Fick's second law. The nitrate diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.007·10¿10 to 0.034·10¿10 m2/s (parallel) and 0.89·10¿10 to 1.41·10¿10 m2/s (perpendicular), while for water the values ranged from 9.87·10¿9 to 12.46·10¿9 m2/s (parallel) and 5.22·10¿10 to 9.29·10¿10 m2/s (perpendicular). In every case, these values increased as the temperature rose. The activation energy for water diffusion perpendicular to the meat fiber (31.86 kJ/mol) was greater than when the diffusion was parallel (15.06 kJ/mol). The opposite was observed for nitrate diffusion (96.44 kJ/mol when parallel vs. 24.71 kJ/mol when perpendicular), which implies that nitrate needs more energy for parallel diffusion and, consequently, curing is slower in that direction.The authors of this paper acknowledge the financial support from Spanish Government ("Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura", CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010, CSD2007-00016) and from the Valencian Government ("Generalitat Valenciana", Valencia, Spain, PROMETEOII/2014/0005).Gómez, J.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Arnau, J.; Bon Corbín, J.; Clemente Polo, G. (2017). Diffusion of nitrate and water in pork meat: Effect of the direction of the meat fiber. Journal of Food Engineering. 214:69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.06.028S697821

Review of mathematical models to describe the food salting process

Salting and subsequent curing are part of the traditional processing method used in the meat and fish industry. Different preserving agents (sodium chloride, nitrite, nitrate, among others) are added in this process. Nowadays, more attention is paid to the amount of salts added and the salting time employed. For this reason, it is important to know the factors governing salt penetration and the most convenient process conditions. The transfer mechanism of the salts through the structure is an interesting aspect in meat and fish processing technology. Mathematical models are the best way to discover the factors, which govern this process, which may represent and explain the observed data and predict the behaviour under different conditions. The objective of this review is to describe the use of the mathematical models to simulate meat and fish salting and the benefits derived from their use. Most of the models used to describe the salting process are diffusional, based on Fick’s second law, although empirical ones are also used. For modelling purposes a good description of the experimental results should be guaranteed. The complexity of the model will depend on the objective to be reached and will be analysed in each case

Air- borne ultrasonic application in the drying of grape skin: Kinetic and quality considerations

[EN] The aim of this work was to address the air-borne application of power ultrasound in the convective drying of grape skin, a by-product of winemaking. For that purpose, convective drying experiments were carried out on red grape skin at 40, 50, 60 and 70 C with (21.7 kHz, 45 W) and without power ultrasound application. The kinetic intensification was evaluated by modeling the drying kinetics using empirical and diffusion models. Meanwhile, the quality of the dried product was determined by obtaining ethanolic extracts and assessing the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity by means of the FRAP method. Moreover, individual polyphenols were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and a Partial Component Analysis (PCA) was performed in order to elucidate the relationships between the measured variables that were related to bioactive content. Both temperature and ultrasound application had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the drying kinetics, which were satisfactorily described by both the Peleg and diffusion models. In addition, both factors significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Ultrasound application reduced the antioxidant potential, probably due to oxidase activation and cell degradation. Bioactive potential, on the other hand, was increased as a consequence of hightemperature drying, leading in particular to a greater release of malvidin 3-O-b-D-galactoside.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and ERDF and it is a program of the European Commission ERDF-European Commission (Ref. DPI2012-37466-C03-03); Generalitat Valenciana (PROME-TEOII/2014/005) and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (PAID-02-11).Cruz, L.; Clemente Polo, G.; Mulet Pons, A.; Ahmad-Qasem Mateo, MH.; Barrajón-Catalán, E.; García Pérez, JV. (2016). Air- borne ultrasonic application in the drying of grape skin: Kinetic and quality considerations. Journal of Food Engineering. 168:251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.001S25125816

Influence of Management Practices on Economic and Enviromental Performance of Crops. A Case Study in Spanish Horticulture

This article assesses the effect of management practices on the environmental and economic performance of tigernut production. Tigernut is a horticultural crop grown in a very limited and homogeneous area. Results show that the environmental variability among farms was greater than variability in costs. A selection of practices can reduce impacts per kilogram tigernut by factors 252.5 (abiotic depletion), 33 (aquatic ecotoxicity), or 6 (global warming) and costs by factors of between 2 and 3. The analysis shows a positive relationship between economic and environmental performance. Results highlight how proper management leads to both relatively low environmental impacts and costs.The authors acknowledge the support of the Conselleria d'Empresa, Universitat i Ciencia de la Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2007/211) and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (PAID05-08-316).Fenollosa Ribera, ML.; Ribal Sanchis, FJ.; Lidón Cerezuela, AL.; Bautista Carrascosa, I.; Juraske, R.; Clemente Polo, G.; Sanjuán Pellicer, MN. (2014). Influence of Management Practices on Economic and Enviromental Performance of Crops. A Case Study in Spanish Horticulture. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. 38(6):635-659. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.896302635659386De Backer, E., Aertsens, J., Vergucht, S., & Steurbaut, W. (2009). Assessing the ecological soundness of organic and conventional agriculture by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). British Food Journal, 111(10), 1028-1061. doi:10.1108/00070700910992916Basset-Mens, C., Anibar, L., Durand, P., & van der Werf, H. M. G. (2006). Spatialised fate factors for nitrate in catchments: Modelling approach and implication for LCA results. Science of The Total Environment, 367(1), 367-382. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.026Basset-Mens, C., Kelliher, F. M., Ledgard, S., & Cox, N. (2009). Uncertainty of global warming potential for milk production on a New Zealand farm and implications for decision making. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 14(7), 630-638. doi:10.1007/s11367-009-0108-2Blengini, G. A., & Busto, M. (2009). The life cycle of rice: LCA of alternative agri-food chain management systems in Vercelli (Italy). Journal of Environmental Management, 90(3), 1512-1522. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.006Carlsson Reich, M. (2005). Economic assessment of municipal waste management systems—case studies using a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(3), 253-263. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.015Contreras, W. A., Lidón, A. 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Optimización de la extracción de antocianinas de arándanos

[ES] Actualmente existe interés en las antocianinas debido a sus beneficios potenciales para la salud por su actividad antioxidante y su utilización como colorante natural en la industria alimentaria. Se pueden extraer de vegetales y frutas, como por ejemplo los arándanos. En este trabajo se investigó la influencia de variables del proceso de extracción sólido-líquido de antocianinas de arándanos. Así, se obtuvo una combinación de variables que maximizó su recuperación: etanol acidificado con ácido cítrico al 1% como solvente de extracción, proporción materia prima/solvente 1:3 kg/kg, temperatura 36±1 ºC y tiempo de extracción 2 h. A partir de la caracterización del extracto obtenido se obtuvo que la concentración de antocianinas totales fue de 879.0±12.9 mg cianidina-3-glucósido/100 mL, el contenido de fenoles totales de 1424±67 mg GAE/100 mL y la actividad antioxidante de 5730±103 y 4872±124 mg EAA/100 mL, medidos por los métodos ABTS y DPPH, respectivamente.Zapata, LM.; Heredia, AM.; Quinteros, CF.; Malleret, AD.; Clemente Polo, G.; Carcel Carrión, JA. (2014). Optimización de la extracción de antocianinas de arándanos. Ciencia, docencia y tecnología. 25(49):166-192. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/66805S166192254

Distance Learning In Time Of Crisis: A Case Study At The School Of Agricultural Engineering And Environment Of Universitat Politècnica De València

[EN] Higher education is continuously evolving to keep up with the challenges posed by the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) to education. In this sense, distance learning is booming, with an increasing number of higher education students taking advantage of the flexibility remote learning provides. The School of Agricultural Engineering and Environment (ETSIAMN) of Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) has been gradually incorporating ICT tools in its bachelor and master degrees for the last two decades. As a result, many college students and university instructors are familiar with ICT techniques. However, the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis has put distance learning in the spotlight like never before, forcing students, faculty, and staff to adapt to the new situation with hardly any preparation time. For that reason, it is convenient to analyse in depth the results and impact of the teaching and evaluation methodologies developed and applied during this critical period, as a way to detect and amend potential inefficiencies in the learning process. The specific goal of this study was to analyse the teaching period during the COVID-19 crisis in ETSIAMN, which covered the spring semester of the academic year 2019-2020. To this purpose, 114 instructors and 274 students were surveyed in July 2020, belonging to four bachelor degrees (agricultural and biological engineering; forestry engineering; food engineering; and biotechnology), and three master degrees (agricultural and biological engineering; forestry engineering, and oenology). Regarding the experimental design for the survey, three main blocks were identified: the first block corresponds to teaching methodologies, comparing students and faculty preferences for distance lecturing; the second block focuses on evaluation modalities and exam configurations; and the final block centers on the difficulties found by both students and lecturers along the adaptation process from conventional to distance teaching. Results showed that instructors and students preferred a combination of live streaming with recorded lectures, being multiple choice the favourite examination type, although many students rated first a project-based evaluation. Overall, students rejected tests with no possibilities to go back on already answered questions, and instructors mostly preferred limiting the time to complete the on-line tests. The lack of motivation was the main barrier encountered by students to achieve an effective learning. Finally, a set of counterweighting measures to improve and promote the successful implementation of distance learning in engineering colleges is proposed.Clemente Polo, G.; Garcia-Prats, A.; Lisón, P.; Rubio Michavila, C.; Ricarte Benedito, B.; Estruch-Guitart, V.; Fenollosa Ribera, ML.... (2020). Distance Learning In Time Of Crisis: A Case Study At The School Of Agricultural Engineering And Environment Of Universitat Politècnica De València. IATED Academy. 3938-3945. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.0889S3938394

COVID-19 Impact: A Case Study at the School of Agricultural Engineering and Environment of the Universitat Politècnica de València

[EN] To study the first impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the results obtained by students belonging to the School of Agricultural Engineering and Environment at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), the average of the marks corresponding to three academic years (2016-2019) was compared to those obtained in 2019-2020 for a total of four bachelor's degrees and two semesters. Our results suggest a positive effect on the marks obtained during the activation of emergency remote teaching during the spring semester of 2019-2020 in three out of the four degrees, with these differences being significant for the whole study. Moreover, just at the end of that period, instructors and students were surveyed regarding teaching methodologies, evaluation modalities, and difficulties found throughout the process of adapting to distance teaching. Our results allow us to sensibly think about that exceptional situation in order to propose a set of counterweighting measures which could improve the implementation of distance learning in engineering colleges.Clemente Polo, G.; Garcia-Prats, A.; Lisón, P.; Rubio Michavila, C.; Vidal-Puig, S.; Ricarte Benedito, B.; Estruch-Guitart, V.... (2022). COVID-19 Impact: A Case Study at the School of Agricultural Engineering and Environment of the Universitat Politècnica de València. Sustainability. 14(17):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710607114141