Friction stir back extrusion: Preliminary investigations on through-wall characteristics for AI-1100-O

Friction stir back extrusion has recently been identified as a method for manufacturing stronger, more ductile seamless tubes. However, most of the work to date has investigated tubes with low length to diameter ratios and there has been little work investigating the change in grain through the thickness of the tube wall. The current project presents preliminary results in an investigation of the effect of the stirring process on developing ultrafine grain through the tube wall. The long term goal of the project is to miniaturize the process in order to produce highly ductile microscale tubes for biomedical applicaions, microscale heat exchangers, and fuel cell manufacturing applications. Friction stir back extrusion is a variation of friction stir processing and friction stir welding in that the end of a non-cutting tool rotates against a metal work piece, heats the work piece, and creates an ultrafine grain structure. The work described here considers tool speed and diameters when forming tubes from A1100-O aluminum work pieces. It was found that for rotations varying from 750 RPM to 2000 RPM that the maximum stir zone was approximately 250 μm at the bottom of the tube and approximately 50 μm in the walls. The outside diameter of the tubes was 12.5 mm and inside diameters of 6.35 mm and 9.3mm were produced

Fluorlamprophyllite, Na-3(SrNa)Ti-3(Si2O7)(2)O2F2, a new mineral from Pocos de Caldas alkaline massif, Morro do Serrote, Minas Gerais, Brazil

A new mineral species, fluorlamprophyllite (IMA2013-102), ideally Na3(SrNa)Ti-3(Si2O7)(2)O2F2, has been found in the Pocos de Caldas alkaline massif, Morro do Serrote, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Alternatively, the idealized chemical formula could be written as (SrNa)[(Na3Ti)F-2][Ti-2(Si2O7)(2)O-2], setting the large interlayer cations before the cations of the layer. Fluorlamprophyllite is the F-analogue of lamprophyllite. It is associated with aegirine, analcime, natrolite, nepheline and microcline. Fluorlamprophyllite crystals are brownish-orange and bladed. The mineral is transparent with a pale yellow streak and an adamantine lustre. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of similar to 3; cleavage is perfect on {100} and no parting was observed. The calculated density is 3.484 g/cm(3). Optically, fluorlamprophyllite is biaxial (+), with alpha= 1.735(7), beta = 1.749(7) and gamma = 1.775(9) and 2V(meas) = 72(3)degrees. An electron microprobe analysis produced an average composition (wt.%) (9 points) of Na2O 10.63(30), K2O 0.47(3), SiO2 30.51(13), SrO 18.30(24), MgO 0.81(17), Al2O3 0.23(2), CaO 1.11(7), MnO 5.03(38), TiO2 27.41(87), Fe2O3 2.45(37), F 2.86(23), plus H2O 1.00 (added to bring the total close to 100%), O = F 1.20, with the total = 98.61%. The elements Nb and Ba were sought, but contents were below microprobe detection limits. The resultant chemical formula was calculated on the basis of 18 (O + F) atoms per formula unit. The addition of 1.00 wt.% H2O brought [F+(OH)] = 2 pfu, yielding (Na2.63Sr1.35Mn0.54Ca0.15Mg0.15K0.08)(Sigma 4.90)(Ti2.63Fe0.24Al0.04)(Sigma 2.91)Si3.89O16[F-1.15(OH)(0.85)](Sigma 2.00). The mineral is monoclinic, with space group C2/m and unit-cell parameters a - 19.255(2), b - 7.0715(7), c - 5.3807(6) A, beta = 96.794(2)degrees and V = 727.5(1) A(3). The structure is a layered silicate inasmuch as the O atoms are arranged in well-defined, though not necessarily close-packed layers.Science Foundation Arizona; CNPQ; Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2013/03487-8]12 month embargo; published online: 28 February 2018This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]